《理论力学》双语教学 第十二章 动量定理(51P).ppt

1 ， 由水平方向动量守恒及初始静止；则 From the conservation law of the linear momentum in horizontal direction (the system being at rest at the initial moment) we obtain 则小三角块 Then for the small triangular block we get . 设大三角块速度 ，小三角块相对大三角块速度为 运动分析， Analysis of motion Assume that the velocity of the big triangular block is and the velocity of the small triangular block with respect to the big triangular block is . [Example 3] A fluid flows through a bend, the fluid velocities at sections A and B being respect. Determine the dynamic force (additionally the dynamic reaction ) exerted by the fluid on the bend.Assume the fluid is incompressible, the flow rate Q(m3/s) is constant and density of the the fluid is (kg/m3). [例3] 流体流过弯管时， 在截面A和B处的平均流速分别为 　　　　　 求流体对弯管产生的动压力(附加动压力)。 设流体不可压缩，流量Q(m3/s)为常量， 密度为? (kg/m3）。 解： 取截面A与B之间的流体作为研究的质点系。 受力分析如图示。 运动分析，设经过?ｔ时间后，流体AB 运动到位置ab， Solution: Choose the fluid between the sections A and B as the system of particles under consideration. The analysis of the force is shown in the figure below. Assume that the fluid AB moves to the position ab during the time t. 由质点系动量定理；得 From the momentum theorem of a system of particles we obtain 即 Static reaction　　　　　　　 , dynamic reaction　　　 静反力　　　　　　　 ， 动反力　　　　 与 　相反的力就是管壁上受到的流体作用的动压力． The force contrary to the force R is just the dynamic force exerted by the fluid to the bend. 计算　 时，常采用投影形式 When calculating we often use the projection form The formulas above are the theorem of motion of the center of mass (or the differential equations of the motion of the center of mass).The product of the acceleration of the center of mass of a system and the mass of the whole §12-4 Theorem of motion of the center of mass §12-4　质心运动定理 Substituting　　　 into the momentum theorem of a system of particles we obtain: 将　　　　 代入到质点系动量定理，得 If the mass of the system does not change or 若质点系质量不变， 则　　　　　　 或 ① ② 1. 投影形式： 1. Projection forms: 上式称为质心运动定