姜兰科研训练.doc

（ 二 〇 一 一 年 十 二 月 摘要 在炼铁生产中，高炉热状态不稳定，往往会导致高炉出现异常情况，使设备侵蚀加快，缩短高炉寿命。因此保持高炉的热状态稳定，对保证高炉稳定生产和高炉长寿是非常重要的。在正常生产条件下，测定高炉热平衡，对其进行分析研究提高高炉的操作效益、探索炉体合理的热负载管理、维持合理的操作炉型是必不可少的。由计算结果可以得出高炉热能利用指标，为评价高炉热利用水平，为加强科学管理，降低燃耗提供依据。本次高炉物料平衡和热平衡计算我打算采用第一种热平衡计算，即总热平衡法。 依据质量守恒定律，投入高炉物料的质量总和应等于高炉排出物料的质量总和。物料平衡计算可以验证配料计算是否准确无误，也是热平衡计算的基础。生产中高炉的物料平衡需要进行几项计算。首先通过生产统计确定炉料组分与喷吹燃料的单耗量，之后通过配料计算加以验证。此外还需要通过CaO平衡计算渣量、通过碳平衡计算煤气量、通过氮平衡计算风量、通过氢平衡计算还原生成的水量等。 关键词:高炉；物料平衡；热平衡 Abstract In iron production, blast furnace thermal state of instability often lead to abnormal operation, thereby making the device accelerated erosion, and reduce the life of a blast furnace. Under normal production conditions, it is essential to improve blast furnace heat balance analysis of the operation of blast furnace efficiency furnace reasonable to explore the thermal load management, to maintain a reasonable operating furnace. Calculation results can be obtained from the use of blast furnace heat index for the evaluation of the use of blast furnace heat levels, to strengthen scientific management and to provide the basis for reducing fuel consumption. Material balance and heat balance calculations of the blast furnace I intend to use the first method that is the total heat balance method. Based on conservation of mass, the quality of materials into the blast furnace should equal to the sum of the quality of discharged materials. Material balance calculations can verify whether is the accuracy of calculation of the ingredients or not and is the basis for calculation of heat balance. Blast furnace production of several material balance calculations is required: the production of statistics to determine the composition and charge of the unit consumption of fuel injection amount.Besides, material balance would need balance calculations of CaO slag, calculation of the amount of gas through the carbon balance, calculation of air flow through the nitrogen balance, calculation of generated reduction water by