【精选】新编英语教程 5 unit 12.pptVIP

* * Unit 12 The Science of Custom I. Dictionary work Uniquely:distinctively Aberrant:deviating from what is usual or normal Pristine:unchanged by later developments, pure Edit: alter, adapt, or refine, especially to bring abut conformity to a standard Vernacular:everyday language or speech Accommodation:adaptation Incumbent(upon someone): being the duty or responsibility (of someone) 8. Unintelligible:not understandable 9. Hold sway over: have a control over 10.sophistication: intellectual development, refinement, worldly knowledge or experience II. Library work 1. John Dewey(1859-1952), U.S. philosophe, psychologist, and educator, was one of the founders of the philosophical school of pragmatism, a pioneer in functional psychology, and representative of the progressive movement in U.S. education. 2.Custom 1)definition ① (uncountable)-usual and generally accepted behavior among members of a social group, e.g.,the custom of giving presents and visiting friends and relatives at the Spring Festival ② (countable)-a particular way of behaving which, because it has long been established, is observed by individuals and social groups, e.g., It is the old man’s custom to take a long walk every morning. 2) Custom’s effect on our life Custom affects our life in various ways. For example, on New Year’s Day, one is not sup-posed to curse; in Western society, perhaps “ladies first” is still observed. 3) Cause of differences in custom The causes are many and varied,e.g., people’s beliefs, the physical environment, supersti-tions, etc. 3. Habit refers more often to the way of an individual Than to the way of a community. The term applies to a way of behaving (as in acting or thinking) which has become so natural to one through repetition that it is done unconsciously or without premeditation, e.g., “He has acquire the habit of clearing his throat before he speaks in public. 4. Behavior refers to a person’s actions in general or on a particular occasion. It may b