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shock 老外讲的,10年后的,有休克的简明分类与循环构架
SHOCK Philip Jones, PGDip, MD, FRCPC Department of Anaesthesia and Cardiac Critical Care Definition of Shock “A clinical state in which tissue blood flow is inadequate for tissue requirements or oxygen utilization is impaired. There is either insufficient oxygen delivery, maldistribution of oxygen delivery to vital tissues or impaired utilization” Simply... At cellular level... shock is a state of acute nutritional insufficiency for oxygen and other essential substrates, resulting in cellular anoxia, cellular dysfunction and eventually, cell death Types of Shock distributive shock (abnormal vascular tone) hypovolaemic shock (decreased blood volume) obstructive shock (obstructed blood volume) cardiogenic shock (abnormal pump function) Determinants of Blood Pressure Determinants of Blood PressureDistributive shock Determinants of Blood PressureHypovolaemic shock Determinants of Blood PressureObstructive shock Determinants of Blood PressureCardiogenic shock Types of Shock distributive shock (abnormal vascular tone) hypovolaemic shock (decreased blood volume) obstructive shock (obstructed blood volume) cardiogenic shock (abnormal pump function) Determinants of Blood PressureDistributive shock Distributive (hyperdynamic) Shock Hyperdynamic state with high cardiac output Normal to low filling pressures Decreased systemic vascular resistance Mixed venous oxygen may be normal or increased Distributive (hyperdynamic) Shock causes: SIRS (sepsis, burns, trauma, pancreatitis) neurogenic (spinal trauma) anaphylaxis / anaphylactoid endocrine (thyroid, myxoedema, adrenal) pharmacologic (vasodilators, benzodiazepines) Septic Shock not JUST vasodilation! impaired systolic function (decreased stroke volume, contractility) caused by myocardial depressant factors impaired diastolic function with altered LV compliance (PCWP and LVEDV) decreased systemic vascular resistance (inducible nitric oxide synthetase) Types of Shock distributive shock (abnormal vascular tone) hypovolaemic s
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