雷暴雨与极端天气.ppt

The Record June 2006 Flood June 2006 Flood Impacts Record flooding – Delaware, Susquehanna and Mohawk River Basins At least 1 Billion dollars of damage. 8 deaths in New York The loss of life could have been much larger! - The Agnes Floods of 1972 had at least 30 deaths in NY I-88 Delaware County Paddling down the street in downtown Walton, NY Washington Street Bridge, Binghamton, NY In 2008, U.S. winds, hail, and tornadoes were concentrated in the summer months. Tornadoes never occur without a parent thunderstorm. There are over 1000 tornadoes in the U.S. most years. Miami, Florida tornado A large, cone tornado. It might be a mile wide at the ground. Remarkable image of four tornadoes on the ground at the same time. This is like the first map, but just for 2008 tornadoes All the tornadoes in 2009 The number of tornadoes observed in the U.S. appears to be increasing. Or are we just getting better at finding them? Tornadoes in the Great Plains tend to be the most destructive On radar, often big tornadoes are seen with a “hook echo” Greensburg, KS tornado hook echo Greensburg, KS tornado Doppler velocity Damage from the May 31, 1998 tornadoes in Albany, NY. On the Fujita scale, where does this fit? In 2006, the NWS introduced the Enhanced Fujita Scale, a more realistic tool for putting tornadoes into categories. House damaged House untouched Houses demolished Houses untouched Tornadoes do damage on a very small scale In 2008, over 2000 tornadoes were reported in the U.S.! Where don’t you want to be when a tornado strikes? This is EF0 damage but from a Downburst, not a tornado. This is the State Fair in Syracuse on Sept 7, 1998. A downburst is a straight line wind which comes down out of a thunderstorm. EF1 damage such as this is possible. EF2 damage has been known to occur. Most storms have gust fronts. A really strong one is a downburst. The “bow echo” is the downburst. It is also called a “Derecho” (De-ray’-sho) Large hail is not a killer, but does cons