高中语态,及重点习题讲解.docxVIP

语态( 主动、被动 )2、被动语态被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词。不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。（1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.②主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。The boss\ made \him\ work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss)③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。(介词不能丢掉)The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.④情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。⑤当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：People say he is a smart boy.\It is said that he is a smart boy.\He is said to be a smart boy.类似句型有：It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …（2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。①所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。②表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。③表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。④表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（3）主动形式表被动意义。①当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。These novels won’t sell well.。My pen writes smoothly.The door won’t lock.门锁不上。The fish smells good.②当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.③want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。The blackboard needs cleaningbe worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。The film is worth seeing④在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.但如果不是逻辑主语就要用被动式Do you have anything to be taken there?另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。二、精典名题导解1. Visitors ________not to touch the exhibits.(NMET 2001)A. will request B. are requested C. are requesting D. request 2. Selecting a mobile