英语专八-- 汉语常见句型翻译.docVIP

第六章 汉语常见句型翻译 第一节 汉语主动语态和被动语态的翻译 所谓语态，是指“表示动词和与其相联的名词短语之间的关系。两句话的语态可以不同，而基本意义相同。然而二者强调的重点可能不一样。”（理查兹等《郎曼语言学词典》1993：355）在翻译中，语态的选择受强调重点、语篇、语气、目的语的约束机制的制约。 一、汉语主动语态翻译成英语被动语态 汉语多主动语态，英语多用被动语态。所以，除了译为主动句以外，汉语的主动句在很多情况下要转译成英语的被动句。概括起来，主要有以下几种情况： (一)强调受事，突出被动状态 1) “财神爷”这个词，不是我的用语，是农民的发明。(《邓小平文选》第三卷) That term, the “gods of wealth”, was invented not by me but by the peasants. 2) 我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节。 National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct.1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year. 3)中美已经建立了外交关系。 Diplomatic relations have been established between China and the United States of America. (二)使句子结构匀称，加强上下文的连贯性 1) 他出现在台上，观众给予热烈鼓掌。 He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 2) 口试时，问了十个问题，她全都答对了。 She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly. (三)不知道或无须说出施事者 1) 这种书是给儿童写的。Such books are written for children. 2) 这本书已经翻译成中文了。 This book has already been translated into Chinese. (四)为了使措辞得当，语气委婉 英语常常为了表示礼貌，不说出施事者，特别是施事者为第一人称时。因而往往使用被动语态。汉译英时也往往将汉语的主动语态翻译成英语的被动语态，多见于讲话、通知、请帖等。 1)请你给我们表演一个节目。 You are requested to give a performance. 2)今天晚上七点钟开教学会，全体教师务必参加。 There will be a Teaching Symposium at 7:00 p.m. today. All the faculty is expected to attend. (五)某些汉语句子可借助于英语的一些固定搭配或词组来表达。 1)他坚持不懈地从事着科研工作。 He was engaged in scientific researches perseveringly. 2)有经验者不易上圈套。 An old bird is not to be caught with chaff. 3)他天生适合做水手。He is cut out for a sailor. (六)汉语中某些习惯用语或泛指主语的主动句的翻译 一般用英语形式主语格式翻译：it + be + past-participle +that…。 1)可以有把握地说，会议会如期召开的。 It may be safely said that the meeting will be held on schedule. 2)大家都认为这样做不妥当。 It is generally considered not advisable to act that way. 3)有人给你打电话。You are wanted on the telephone. 4)据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。 It is rumored that the accident was due to negligence. 5)人们(有人，大家)认为…… it is considered (or thought) that… 6)普遍(一般，通常)认为…… it is generally(usually)accepted (or agreed, recognized) that…。 7)有人(人们，大家)相信……it is believed that…。 8)据说(闻、推测、估计/预计、报道) ……。 It is sa