语法专项 4 定语从句.doc

第四部分 定语从句 定语从句, 作为高中英语语法的一个重点, 往往被视作高中英语学习开始的标志。本讲介绍了定语从句的一些概念、定语从句的种类、用法, 并就一些容易混淆点进行了分析, 不仅帮助学生透彻掌握这种形容词性从句, 同时, 对日后名词性从句的有效学习也有很好的辅助作用。 一、知识点拨 (一)限制性定语从句(Restrictive Attributive Clause) ★问题一：常用关系代词的格和其在从句中作何成分? 1. 常用关系代词有：who, whom, whose, which, that等, 它们的格, 见下表： 主格 宾格 所有格 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 2. 关系代词在从句中通常所作的成分, 见下表： 主语 宾语 定语 表语 主语 宾语 定语 表语 who √ √ that √ √ √ whom √ as √ √ √ whose √ than √ √ which √ √ √(of which) but √ 问题二：关系代词who和whom在运用中须注意什么? who指人, 作为主格的who,在从句中作主语。whom也是指人, 作为宾格的whom在从句中作宾语，可以省略。who有时可以代替whom, who与whom的使用须注意的是： 1. 当whom在从句中作介宾, 且接在该介词之后时, 只能用whom不能用who。(详见问题八：定语从句中充当宾语的关系代词在运用中须注意什么3)如： The man who/whom you were talking about has come to inspect our school. =The man about whom you were talking has come to inspect our schoo1. 2. 注意分析关系代词在从句中究竟是作宾语还是主语。如： (若认为关系代词是作I think的宾语而用whom, 则是错误的。因为I think的宾语不是whom一个词, 而是who has something interesting to tell us整个从句部分。而在整个从句部分中, 关系代词作主语, 所以应用who, I think是插入语。若去掉插入语I think, 从句仍是个完整的从句who has something interesting to tell us。(另见(三), 定语从句其它注意点问题二：如何分析含有插入语的定语从句?) 问题三：关系代词所有格有哪些表达形式? 表示人的所有格用whose, 表示物的所有格用of which, 但也用whose.如： ①People believe that surgeons are professionals whose skills sometimes mean the difference between life and death. whose sides ②The path of which the sides are covered with trees extends to the forest. the sides of which 问题四：关系代词which在运用中须注意什么? which指物, 在从句中通常作主语、宾语。有时, which也可以在从句中作定语。如： ①Some forms of greeting which are good manners in China are not considered so in Britain or some other English-speaking countries. (作主语) ②Today Michelangelo’s works are still examples from which art students must learn, and visitors to such tourist attractions still can’t help but admire them. (作宾语) ③My sister spent five years at university, during which time she studied medicine. (作定语) ④ Five years of life in prison changed him