中英思维差异术语b.doc

中英思维差异术语 大陆型文化continental culture 海洋性文化maritime culture 天人合一Theory That Man Is an Integral Part of Nature 伦理社会ethical society/ethic-based society/ethical culture 人文精神the Humanities Spirit in the Early Philosophy of Ancient Greece 人文主义humanism 道Tao (Truth) 气vital breath 理Reason /Truth 太极Tai Ji 阴阳the Two Opposing Principles in Nature 八卦the Eight Diagrams 五行the Five Elements ---metal, wood, water, fire and earth 五味the Five Flavors---sweet, sour, bitter, pungent, and salty 五脏the five Organs---heart, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys) 五常（伦理）the Five Ethics (仁、义、礼、智、信) 三纲五常the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues specified in feudal ethical code 仁、义、礼、智、信benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity 五伦five human relationships “父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有叙，朋友有信” 五色the Five Colors青、赤、白、黑、黄 (此五者为正色,也泛指各种颜色。) 五声、五音 the Pentatonic scale古代五声音阶中的宫、商、角、徵(zhi)、羽五个音级 五官the five sense organs (ears, eyes, lips, nose and tongue) 五谷the five cereals (rice, two kinds of millet, wheat and beans): 易经The Book of Changes 中庸the doctrine of the mean Confucian/ Moderationism (温和主义,稳健主义) 柏拉图Plato 主客二分subject-object dichotomy 求善seek good 格物，致知，诚意，正心，修身，齐家，治国，平天下investigation, extension of knowledge, sincerity of the will, rectification of the world, cultivation of the personal life, regulation of the family, national order, world peace 求真seek truth 直觉instinct 悟enlightenment 书不尽言，言不尽意Not all will be taught by the books and not all will be explained completely in one time. 培根Francis Bacon 逻辑学logistics 黑格尔Friedrich Hegel 焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive 罢黜百家，独尊儒术burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive 儒，道，释Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 亚里士多德 苏格拉底（Socrates）、柏拉图(Plato)、亚里士多德(Aristotle) 笛卡尔Ren DesCartes 勒奈·笛卡尔(Ren DesCartes)是法国17世纪著名哲学家和数学家，现代理性主义的创始人，法国启蒙运动的先驱者之一。 温故而知新gain new insights through reviewing old material 子曰：“温故而知新，可以为师矣。” The master said, If a man keeps cherishing his old knowledge, so as continually to be acquiring the new, he may b