大学英语5重点.docxVIP

UNIT6（翻译）By?reducing?all?risks?to?ratios?or?fractions?of?this?sort,?we?can?begin?to?comparedifferent?sorts?of?risks-like?mining?versus?riding?in?a?car.?The?larger?this?ratio,that?is,?the?closer?it?is?to?1,?the?riskier?the?activity?in?question.?In?the?case?just?discussed,?we?would?find?the?relative?safety?of?car?travel?and?coal?mining?by?dividing?the?numbers?of?lives?lost?in?each?by?the?number?of?people?participating?in?each.?Here,?it?is?clear?that?the?riskiness?of?traveling?by?car?is?about?1?death?per?10,000?passengers;?with?mining,?the?risk?level?is?about?4?deaths?per?10,000?miners.?So?although?far?more?people?are?killed?in?caraccidents?than?in?mining,?the?latter?turns?out?to?be?four?times?riskier?than?theformer.?Those?ratios?enable?us?to?compare?the?risks?of?activities?or?situations?as?different?as?apples?and?oranges.?If?you?are?opposed?to?risks,?you?will?want?to?choose?your?activities?by?focusing?on?the?small-ratio?exposures.?If?you?arereckless,?then?you?are?not?likely?to?be?afraid?of?higher?ratios?unless?they?get?uncomfortably?large.通过把所有风险都简化为这种比率或分数，我们便可以开始比较不同种类的风险，如比较采矿与乘坐汽车。这个比率越大，也就是说它越接近l，那么有关活动的风险就越大。在刚才讨论的例子中，我们可以用每一活动中死亡的人数除以参与该活动的总人数，从而找出汽车旅行与采煤的相对安全性。此处，我们可以很清楚地看到，乘坐汽车旅行的风险是每一万人中大约有一人丧生；而就采矿而言，其危险程度是每一万矿工中大约有四人死亡。所以，尽管在车祸中丧生的人远比采矿要多，其实后者的风险是前者的四倍。这些比率使我们能够对毫不相干的活动或情形的危险性加以比较，即便差别如苹果与橘子那样大也能比较。如果你反对冒险，你就会选择风险比率较小的活动。如果你无所畏惧，那么你往往会对高比率不太在乎，除非它们大得令人难以承受。UNIT 7（翻译）Worse?still,?when?you?were?boring,?we?acted?as?if?you?were?saying?something?important.?When?you?were?garrulous?and?talked?to?hear?yourselves?talk,?we?listened?as?if?it?mattered.?When?you?tossed?on?our?desks?writing?upon?which?you?had?not?labored,?we?read?it?and?even?responded,?as?though?you?earned?a?response.?When?you?were?dull,?we?pretended?you?were?smart.?When?you?were?predictable,?unimaginative?and?routine,?we?listened?as?if?to?new?and?wonderful?things.?When?you?demanded?free?lunch,?we?served?it.?And?all?this?why？更糟糕的是，当你们的言谈枯燥无味时，我们却装作你们说的是重要的事情；当你们喋喋不休、不知所云时，我们认真倾听，似乎你们说的东西事关重大；当你们把根本没有花心思