威廉莎士比亚研究目的和 意义.docxVIP

研究目的和 意义生平资料简介威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare，公元1564年4月生于英格兰斯特拉福镇－1616年5月3日（儒略历4月23日），英国著名剧作家、诗人，他虽受过良好的基本教育，但是未上过大学。莎士比亚18岁时与一个26岁的女子结婚，他不满21岁时已有了三个孩子。几年后他来到伦敦，成为一名演员和剧作家。他三十而立，蜚声剧坛，四年后就已经成了英国戏剧界的泰斗。在随后的十年中他写了《儒略·凯撒》、《奥塞罗》、《麦克白》和《李尔王》这样的杰作。莎士比亚在伦敦住了二十多年，而在此期间他的妻子仍一直呆在斯特拉福。他在接近天命之年时隐退回归故里斯特拉福。1616年莎士比亚在其五十二岁生日前后不幸去世。他的子孙都已经断宗绝代了。莎士比亚给世人留下了三十七部戏剧，其中包括一些他与别人合写的一般剧作。此外，他还写有一百五十四首十四行诗和三、四首长诗。WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE (1564-1616), English poet, player and playwright, was baptized in the parish church of Stratford upon-Avon in Warwickshire on the 26th of April 1564. The exact date of his birth is not known. Two. 18th-century antiquaries, William Oldys and Joseph Greene, gave it as April 23, but without quoting authority for their statements, and the fact that April 23 was the day of Shakespeares death in 1616 suggests a possible source of error. In any case his birthday cannot have been later than April 23, since the inscription upon his monument is evidence that on April 23, 1616, he had already begun his fifty-third year. His father, John Shakespeare, was a burgess of the recently constituted corporation of Stratford, and had already filled certain minor municipal offices. From 1561 to 1563 he had been one of the two chamberlains to whom the finance of the town was entrusted. By occupation he was a glover, but he also appears to have dealt from time to time in various kinds of agricultural produce, such as barley, timber and wool. Aubrey (Lives, 1680) spoke of him as a butcher, and it is quite possible that he bred and even killed the calves whose skins he manipulated. He is sometimes described in formal documents as a yeoman, and it is highly probable that he combined a certain amount of farming with the practice of his trade. He was living in Stratford as early as 1552, in which year he was fined for having a dunghill in Henley Street, but he does not appear to have been a native of the town, in whose records the name is not found before his time; and he may reasonably be identi