狗是怎样成为人类朋友的？.docVIP

狗是怎样成为人类朋友的？ 2015-12-25 Annie 英文悦读 家犬起源于33000年前的灰狼，但在这过程中究竟发生了什么却尚不可知。最近，科学家们对狗DNA的研究解开了这一进化历程的神秘面纱。 （“不以小词”而不学，文中一些“熟词辟义”的现象值得注意，比如说action, family等） 译者按：翻译没有标准答案，此篇乃抛砖引玉之作。文中标红的三词为存疑之处。问题反馈请发至邮箱：982671069@ Genetics 遗传学 Dog DNA study reveals the incredible journey of mans best friend 狗DNA的研究揭示人类挚友的传奇之旅 Descended from the grey wolf, domesticated dogs have been companions to humans for about 33,000 years, a genetic study has shown 一项遗传学研究表明，家犬是灰狼的后裔，已与人类结伴约33000年 The Siberian husky was one of the specimens of selective breeding included in the study. Photograph: Andrew Milligan/PA 西伯利亚的哈士奇是该研究中选育品种之一。 图片：Andrew Milligan/PA Tim Radford Tuesday 15 December 2015 1 Man’s proverbial first best friend was probably a grey wolf that may have made contact with the first human companions about 33,000 years ago, somewhere in south-east Asia. 人类首位众所周知的挚友很可能是一只灰狼。这只灰狼大约于33000年前在东南亚某处接触到其第一批人类伙伴。 2 About 15,000 years ago, a small pack of domesticated dogs began trotting towards the Middle East and Africa. Canis lupus familiaris[1] made it to Europe about 10,000 years ago, and when civilisation began in the Fertile Crescent, and humans began to build farmsteads and villages with walls, dogs were already there to help keep guard, herd the first flocks, and demand to be taken for a walk. 约15000年前，一小群被驯化过的狗开始奔向中东和非洲。约10000年前，犬类前往欧洲。而且当新月沃地上的文明开始萌芽和人类开始修建农庄、筑墙建村时，已有狗帮人类看家护院、外出放牧以及央求主人带它们去散步了。 译者注：在亚洲西部，有一条弧形狭长地带，犹如一弯新月，人称 “新月沃地”。其东部，并行奔流着幼发拉底河和底格里斯河，是两河文明的发源地（来自百度百科） 译者疑：Canis lupus familiaris是个学名，应该有固定译法，而非只泛译译为“犬类”。但本人暂未找到其固定翻译。 3 The details of the story – the characters, the action and the precise locations – are unknowable. But the outlines of the great adventure are written in DNA. 这一故事的细节（角色、情节、确切地点）无从考证。但DNA已记载了这一伟大冒险的大致内容。 4 Scientists from China, Canada, Finland, Singapore, Sweden and the US report in the journal Cell Research that they compared the genomes, or genetic inheritances, of 58 canids. These included 12 grey wolves, 12 indigenous dogs from the north Chinese countrys