A First Book of ANSI C, 4th Edition：第一本书的ANSI C，第四版.docVIP

A First Book of ANSI C, 4th Edition14188-35560 Chapter 1 Solutions Exercises 1.1 Short Answer Questions A bit is the smallest and most basic data item which is a switch that can be either opened or closed. A bit can represent the values 0 and 1. A byte is a grouping of eight bits. A byte can assume 256 distinct patterns. A byte uses a pattern of eight bits, such as to represent characters in a computer. A word is a single unit combination of one or more bytes. Word sizes for some common computers include: a single byte for early personal computers, such as the Apple IIe and Commodore machines; two bytes for the first IBM PCs; four bytes for the more current Intel-based PCs. The two principal parts of the CPU are the Control Unit and the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU). The Control Unit monitors the overall operation of the computer while the ALU performs all the arithmetic and logic functions provided by the system. The main difference between RAM and ROM is RAM is volatile while ROM is nonvolatile. Both RAM and ROM are random access which means that every section of memory can be accessed randomly as quickly as any other section. a. The input/output unit is the interface that provides access to and from the computer to which peripheral devices are attached. b. Three devices that would be connected to the input/output unit include keyboards, monitors and printers. (Please note there are other examples the student could include.) Secondary storage is a permanent storage area for programs and data. Three examples of secondary storage include magnetic tapes, magnetic disks and CD-ROMS. (Please note there are other examples the student could include.) The difference between sequential storage and direct access storage is sequential storage allows data to be written or read in one sequential stream from beginning to end while direct access storages allows data to be written or read from any one file or program independent of its position on the storage medium