上海版牛津初中英语课件7B　The natural elements.ppt

P 2 1. Controlling fire 课前导入 What do we use fire for? injured make a fire Alice and Peter are going to do a project about fire . Miss Guo has given them some questions to think about . -- Alice , Ive got some information on my computer about fire. -- Great . Read and answer P2 1 How did early men make a fire? 2 What did early men use fire for? 3 Nowadays , do people use fire to cook food? 4 What do workers use fire for in factories? 5 What do people do to rubbish in some places? 6 What may happen if we are not careful with fire? 7 What kind of people may cause hill fires? 1 天然要素 ;自然环境 2 控制火情 3 受伤 4 烟头 5 做一个关于……的专题研究 6 考虑 7 得到关于……的信息 8 早期人类 9 生火 10 使用……做某事 11 做饭 12 对……小心 13 什么样的 14 山火 15 在屏幕上 16 在下一页 17 问题的答案 P 3 Information about fire Nowadays , people do not only use fire to cook food or boil water . In factories , workers use it to melt metals. 一、语态概述 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 例如：Many people speak Chinese. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。 例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 二、被动语态的构成 (以speak为例) be＋及物动词的过去分词 一般现在时：am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：was／were＋spoken 一般将来时：will／shall be＋spoken 现在进行时：am／is／are being＋spoken 过去进行时：were／was being＋spoken 现在完成时：have／has been＋spoken 过去完成时：had been + spoken （情态动词＋be＋过去分词） 三、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night.　 This bridge was founded in 1981. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 This book was written by him. Your homework must be finished on 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 All the people laugh at him. He is laughed at by all the people. P 4 Tools firemen use a long ladder an axe a hosepipe a breathing equipment P 5 Fire rules What may happen during the fire drill? 3 You must not run downstairs. 4 You must remember to switch off the lights and fa