第三章 翻译的基本技巧2.doc

第三章 翻译的基本技巧Translation Techniques 第二部分 Part Two Procedures of today: Amplification vs. Omission Affirmation vs. negation Repetition Exercises in class Assignments of today 增译法Amplification p.p.41—43 英译汉的增词主要是出于汉语表达的需要，用增词法译出原文所省略的词语，增添必要的连接词、量词或复数概念，表现不同的时态或先后顺序，或从修辞连贯等方面考虑，使译文的遣词造句符合汉语的表达习惯。 汉译英的增词旨在使译文符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，常用于代词、冠词、连接词以及介词的增添。 Some more examples: Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能量，能量也可以转化为物质。 Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训好。 Since air has weight, it exerts force on any object immersed in it. 因为空气具有重量，所以处在空气中的任何物体都会受到空气的作用力。 The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。 We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. 我们不会后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将来也决不会后退。 This shows that the resistance of an electric conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-section area. 这表明，导体电阻的大小与导体横切面的大小成反比。 Many great writers were not appreciated fully while they were alive. 许多大作家的作品在他们活着的时候得不到人们的充分赏识。 交出翻译之前，必须读几遍，看看有没有要修改的地方。 Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved. 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 我们应当逐步缩小城乡差距。 We should gradually eliminate the differences between town and country. 这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。 It is just as the proverb goes, “The onlooker sees most of the game”. 省略法Omission p.p. 43—45 英译汉时省略法主要是省略一些可有可无、不符合译文习惯表达法的词语，如实词中的代词、动词，虚词中的冠词、介词和连词等。 汉译英时省略主要是省略冗词赘语，以及一些表示概念范畴的词语和过分详细的描述。 Some more examples: For two weeks, he had been studying the house, looking at its rooms, its electric wiring, its path and its garden. 两周以来，他一直注意观察房子的情况，察看各个房间，留心电线的走向、通道和花园的布局。 The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow. 力的方向可以用箭头表示。 On Sundays we have no school. 周日