健康心理学考试提纲.doc

health psychology HP is devoted to understanding psychological influences on how people stay healthy，why they become ill，and how they respond when they get ill.health A complete state of physical，mental，and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.What are the four factors led to the development of Health Psychology? （1）changing pattern of illness （2）the increase in medical costs （3）the changing definition of health （4）the emergence of the biopsychosocial model The mind-body relationship （1）This is the relationship between a human body and its unique mind. （2）Theories of the body-mind relationship can be divided into two broad categories: Monistic and Dualistic theories. Psychosomatic medicine （1）The field of inquiry that searches for psychological or emotional causes for illness. （2）The mind plays an important role in physical illness ①Ulcers ②essential hypertension ③Skin disorders ④asthma Biopsychosocial model【BPS】 （1）Its fundamental assumption is that health and illness are consequences of the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Biological Factors Psychological factors Social factors Genetics Personality Social support Physiology Self-efficacy Poverty Gender Personal control Ethnic background Age Optimistic bias Vulnerability to stress Stress Cultural beliefs Immune system Coping skills Living with chronic Nutrition Diet illness Medications Risky behaviors，Adherence to medical advice （2）Advantages of BPS model ①Health and illness are caused by multiple factors and produce multiple effects. ②Mind and body cannot be distinguished. ③Emphasizes both health and illness. （3）Clinical implications of BPS model ①Diagnosis: consider the interacting role of biological, psychological, and social factors in assessing an individual’s health and illness ②Treatment: examine three sets of factors ③The significance of the relationship between patient and practitioner seven health practises