News： politics and economy 整理 2011年3月5日.docx

Economyinflationinflation是货币in circulation的一种currency depreciation现象, 常常引起increase in commodities prices; prices continue to rise/ skyrocket/ jump/ rise/ hike/ soar;pricessurge.政府会想一些 anti-inflation measures来fight inflation/ tame inflation/ tackle inflation.比如impose price controls.关联词: 通货紧缩（deflation）, 这时会导致物价slump/ go down; 或出现downtrend; 长期的通货紧缩会导致unemployment增高, 以及economic recession/ downturn/ depression; sluggish.unemploymentunemployment rate rise /increase /stay high /remain high, fall ,hold steady.部分原因一些工厂或公司bankrupt/ bad management; 国家economic downturn /recession, recovery/ upturn表现: losing jobs / jobs have disappeared/ layoff相关对象:U.S. Bureau of Labor (美国劳工统计局)Government的措施: preserve jobs, stabilize the financial system, prop up enterprises,enhance the business environment, stimulate investment.GDP- Gross Domestic Product是衡量国家financial position/ economicposition/ pecuniarycondition的一种指标, 反映国家的economic development,national income/ nationalrevenue, 和consuming ability?/ consumption capacity的情况.import, export需要经过customs inspection/ customs examination. 基本都会缴纳tariff/ customs/ duty, additional tax. 但有可能因duty-free而exemption.customs-agency officials 报告的the trade figures 是衡量贸易顺差 trade surplus或逆差trade deficit的形式，当一个国家出现贸易逆差，一般会有debt/ national debt/ government loan problems.stock market人 investor/ shareholder/ stockholder/ holder 用一定的capital, investment去购买 stock/ share/ securities/ note/ paper/ fund/bond/ debenture. 为了获得dividend/ yield/ return. 交易场所: securities business; stock exchange corporation; stock exchange. 常涉及 basic price, opening price, closing price, stock price average, offer. 股票的价格可能会collapse, rebound, rally, break. 相关的index:Nasdaq composite stock indexreform主要有以下类型: health reform /financial reform / school reform /food safety reform.对于reform 一般都存在不同意见，所以会有debate,而且是growing more heated.相关对象president, the House of Representatives, the Senate,democrats,republican,liberal democrats,存在多方意见，所以有opposition，support,negotiation. health reform 的相关词汇: insurance，insu