考研英语语法之虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气 一、虚拟条件句 条件句分两种：一种是真实条件句，一种是虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句，即指在一个虚拟假想的条件下来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反。在这种条件句中，从句和主句都要用虚拟语气。虚拟条件句一般用if，unless (if not)，lest来引导。 表示虚拟的时间 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 过去式did would/should/might/could + do 过去 过去完成时had done would/should/might/could + have done 将来 were to do/should do would/should/might/could + do If I have enough money, I will go to the zoo with you. 如果我有足够的钱，我会和你一起去动物园。 （真实条件句，暗含“我先数一数钱，如果够，就去”之意。） If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. 要是我有足够的钱的话（该多好），（这样）我就可以和你一起去动物园了。 （对现在的虚拟，暗含“我身上几乎没钱，没法和你去”之意、） If I had had enough money, I would have gone to the zoo with you. 如果我当时有足够的钱的话，我就会和你一起去动物园了。 If I should have enough money, I would go to the zoo with you. 如果我到时候能有足够的钱，我就和你一起去动物园。 If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup Tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are most likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. 如果仔细查看2006年世界杯联赛每个足球运动员的出生证明，你很可能会发现一个明显的巧合：好的足球运动员大都在一年的前几个月出生而不是后几个月。 If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the 插入语 option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping the line. 他们声称，如果铁路部门对所有客户都收取一样的费用，那么发货商就可以转向公路或其他的运输方式，从而迫使剩余的客户承担维持铁路经营的成本费用。 二、wish、if only的虚拟用法 （wish引导宾语从句，if only引导感叹句） 与现在相反 过去式did If only ( = I wish) my friend was healthy! 与过去相反 过去完成时had done If only ( = I wish) he had talked to her sooner! 与将来相反 过去将来时would do If only ( = I wish) they would stop making nuclear bombs! At the second home, the son of the other woman who had gone said, “If only I hadn’t insisted on my mother’s going to Florida, she would be alive today.” 在第二家，另一位已故妇人的儿子说：“如果当初我没有坚持让母亲去佛罗里达，也许她今天还会活着。” 错综时间条件句 三、would rather引导的宾语从句的虚拟用法 would rather意为“宁愿、宁可”，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。would rather有时也写作would sooner，would just as s