高中英语全国阅读理解专题讲解.ppt

* 阅读理解(猜词训练） 根据上下文正确猜出生词词义： 1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义 1）根据定义或解释说明猜测词义 在be或be called等判断词出现的判断句中，生词是被解释说明的表语，或是用来下定义的主语。 ①A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ②A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. 定语从句或同位语对其先行词起修饰或解释说明的作用，有助于猜出该先行词的词义。 ③Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats. ④Perhaps the most astonishing theory comes out of the medical research of kinesics, the study of body movement which was suggested by the famous doctor and professor named Sweeny. 有时标点符号中的破折号“——”也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。 ⑤Down from the sky came a dark funnel-like（漏斗状的）cloud. This dark cloud reached the ground all of a sudden. This terrible tornado—a wind which went round and round as fast as 500 miles an hour and picked up everything in its path, such as large trees, cars and even houses. 只要读懂以上五句话，猜出carpenter的词义是“木匠”，mosquito的词义是“蚊子”，stethoscope的词义是“听诊器”，kinesics的词义是“人体运动学”，而tornado的词义是“龙卷风”应是完全可能的。 2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 在but, however, yet, otherwise或though这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系。根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，很容易猜出生词的词义，例如： ①If you agree, write“yes”; if you dissent, write“no”. ②Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. ③Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. ④John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty. ⑤Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft（n. 偷窃）. 通过上面各句的对比，不难猜出dissent的意义是：不同意，不赞同；innate的词义是：天生的；grubby的词义是肮脏的；thrifty的词义是：节俭的；innocent的词义是：无辜的。 ? 3. 通过因果关系猜测词义 because, since与as是连结原因状语从句的从属连词，so是连结表示结果的并列句的连词，so … that与such … that的中that是连结结果状语从句的。当这些信息词出现在有生词的句中，通过因果关系，依据已知部分，就能猜出生词的词义，例如： ①Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its