高中英语语法----定语从句学习.ppt

? Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat.  The goat is eating her flowers. ? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。 (5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 Who is the girl that drove the car? Who that broke the window will be punished. (6) 主句以There be 引导时 There are 200 people that didn’t know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that. She isn’t the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)当先行词包含which时，关系代词用that. Which is the book that you bought last week? (1) The scientist is very famous in the world.  We met her yesterday. ? that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用which而不用that。 (1) 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语（介词提前） Those are many trees under which they can have a rest. (2) 在非限制性定语从句中 Football , which is a very popular game, is played all over the world. 定语从句的翻译 一般地，定语从句的翻译有合译法、分译法和混译法。在这里，我们主要详细介绍一下合译法和分译法。 合译法： 合译法通常用于句式较短的情况，主要以限制性定语从句为主。在英译汉时，一般将其译成“的”字结构，有时也将定语部分译成谓语、兼语句的一部分或带有“这”字句的简单句。 1．译成定语“的”字结构 这是最为常见的一种英译汉的方式，翻译成中文时，将定语部分放在被修饰名词的前面。 例1：He is not the one who will give up easily. 译文：他不是一个轻易服输的人。 例2：Our two countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 译文：我们两国是友谊长存的友好邻邦。 2．译成谓语 当定语从句是存在句，尤其是在“there be结构”和它的变体结构、以及在“it be +主语+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句的谓语在意义上也是整个主句的谓语，因此在英译汉时可将其译为主谓结构的简单句。 例1：There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 译文：在那群人中，有的人每天都站在那里，站了一个月。 例2：There have been good results in the experiments that have given him grate encouragement. 译文：实验中的良好结果给了他莫大的鼓励。 另外，有些定语从句英译汉时要需要将主句压缩成主语，而将定语从句译成谓语，融合为一个句子。 例1： We have a social and political system that differed in many respects from your own. 译文：我们的社会和政治体制在很多方面都与贵国的不一样。 例2：We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 译文：我们驾驶的飞机几乎每个部件都有国籍的某些标志。 3．译成兼语句的一部分 当先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，即先行词在逻辑上与定语从句中的动词构成主谓或动宾关系时，就可采用此方法使两个分句融为一体。 例1：I need someone who can instruct me in my English study.