GCSE 音乐总结.docx

Western musicBaroqueClassicalRomantic20th centuryDate1600182018202000Orchestra resourcesSmall-scale orchestraStrings dominate Harpsichord OrganBigger orchestraClarinetLarge orchestraPercussionLarge and small orchestraElectronic instrumentsMelodyBalanced, clear two- or four- bar phrasesElegant and lightDramatic soundSingle themeLong, singable tunesClimaxHarmony tonalityDiatonic harmonyIn major or minor keyClear cadencesOrnamentedDiatonic harmonyIn major or minor keyClear cadencesChromatic notesModulationNot clear keyRhythmClear rhythmConstant tempo and meterDriving rhythmTempo changeRubatoSyncopationOstinatoPolyrhythmTextureHomophonicPolyphonyBasso continuoHomophonicPolyphonicBroken chordsVaried textureHuge contracts ComposersBachHandel VivaldiPurcellMozartHaydnBeethovenTchaikovskyWagnerChopinLisztSchubertMendelssohnSchumannGeorge BizetStraussNationalism–MussorgskyImpressionism –DebussySerialism –SchoenbergNeo-classicism –StravinskyJazz influence –Gershwin常用词:Homophonic, Monophonic, Heterophonic(Traditional), Polyphonic (Contrapuntal, Canon), antiphonal轮唱Imitation, Repetition, SequenceBroken Chords, Arpeggio, Ostinato, DroneSyncopation, Anacrusis, Off-BeatImprovisation (Cadenza) Rubato 弹性速度Glissando, Pizzicato, Tremolo, Staccato, Legato(Slur), Tie, Pitch-Bending, Sliding, Crescendo, Decrescendo (Diminuendo)Ornamentation (Melisma) – Trill, Appoggiatura, Acciaccatura, Turn, MordentChromatic ScalePedalGrave, Lento, Largo, Adagio, Andante, Andantino, Moderato, Allegro, Vivace, PrestoCross-rhythmString – Arco(Traditional Instruments Guitar – Plunked)Woodwind Brass – Blow (the reed)Choral musicMainly in BaroqueMass 弥撒曲– sung in churches (catholic)Oratorios 神剧– instrumental accompaniment Bach and Handel famous forMessiah – A major in homophonic (Handel)Requiem – for death安魂曲Cantata – arias 清唱剧Aria—Solo vocal piece backed by orchestra 抒情调Recitative – rhythm of words in imitating the rhythm of normal speech 宣叙调Chorus – sang by choirDance musicWaltz