两步浸提法提取花椒籽皮油、仁油工艺研究.doc

两步浸提法提取花椒籽皮油、仁油工艺研究 摘要 花椒籽是一种含油量丰富的木本油料和食物蛋白质资源，其理论产量高出花椒果皮20%，但却因长期未得到合理利用而被废弃填埋或者焚烧。近年来，随着我国花椒产量的迅速增长，废弃的花椒籽也与日俱增，如何开发利用花椒籽这一资源， 是目前迫切需要解决的问题。 本文以陕西韩城大红袍花椒籽为原料，对两步浸提工艺的可行性，皮油、仁油提取工艺的优化以及仁油的脱蜡、脱酸精制进行了较为系统的研究，旨在论证这套新工艺并优化工艺条件为实现生产提供理论依据和数据支撑。试验主要结果如下： 陕西韩城大红袍花椒籽含油量31.70%（w/w），其中皮油10.00%，仁油21.70%。 选用食用酒精、甲醇、乙酸乙酯、60-90℃石油醚、正己烷、6#溶剂油分别提取 花椒籽皮油、仁油，6#溶剂油提取率较高，且价格低廉，是工业提取油脂常用 溶剂，因此6#溶剂油可作为提取花椒籽皮油、仁油的溶剂。 采用两步浸提工艺提取花椒籽皮油，各因素影响的主次顺序为提取次数＞溶剂 用量＞提取温度＞提取时间，以提取时间160min，提取温度70℃，溶剂用量25ml/g，提取3次为最佳组合。最佳条件下花椒籽皮油出油率可达92.90%。 采用两步浸提工艺提取花椒籽仁油，各因素影响的主次顺序为提取次数＞溶剂 用量＞提取温度＞提取时间，提取时间40min，提取温度60℃，溶剂用量15ml/g，提取3次为最佳组合。最佳条件下花椒籽仁油出油率可达97.51%。 两步浸提法提取的花椒籽粗仁油含蜡量2.02g/100g，酸值41.10 mgKOH/g。 比较了溶剂法、碱炼法对花椒籽仁油的脱蜡效果，碱炼法明显优于溶剂法。 影响花椒籽仁油脱蜡率的次序为：温度＞时间＞氢氧化钾浓度结晶温度8，结晶时间8h，加入的氢氧化钾浓度0.4mol/。花椒籽仁油脱10min 、NaOH用量6.55mg/g、碱浓度0.032 mol/L为最佳组合。 关键词：花椒籽皮油；花椒籽仁油；两步浸提法；脱蜡；脱酸Abstract The seeds of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim is a food protein resource and a woody oil plant which is riched in lipid, although its theoretical yield is 20 percent more than the pericarp, it was still discarded and landfilled or burned. Recently, with the rapid growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim pericarp production of my country, we have an increasing Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim seeds. How to use this discarded resource is a problem to be solved urgently. This article studied the possibility of the new method- Two Step extraction technology from seeds of da hong pao Huajiao and optimized the process of crust and kernel oil extraction and system research the kernel oil dewaxing and deacidification technology. These researches aim at demonstrating and optimizing this new method for industrial production. The main results are as follows: 1. The seed oil content of da hong pao Huajiao is 31.70 percent (w/w), includ crust oil 10.00 percent and kernel oil 21.70 percent. 2. With extracting crust and kernel oil by edible alcohol、methanol、ethyl acetate、60- 90℃ petroleum ether、n-hexane and 6#solvent oil, the extraction rate of 6#solvent oil is h-