孔子说 仁者的叮咛.doc

孔子说——仁者的叮咛 Confucius Speaks------The Messaje of Benevolent The Analects Pleasure and Humility Is it not pleasurable to study and practice what one learns? Is it not delightful to have friends come from afar? Is he not a gentleman who remains dignified though going unrecognized? 【子日：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”】 Self-Critique Confucius’ pupil Zengzi said: Everyday I critique myself in three ways: In helping others, did I not do so conscientiously? In intercourse with my friends, was I not trustworthy? Did I not review what had been taught me before? 【曾子日：“吾日三省吾身：为人谋而不忠乎？与朋友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”】 Cultivating the Way When I was fifteen, I set my mind on learning. When I was thirty, I could hold firm in my learning without the least bit of wavering. At forty, there was nothing I didn’t know about conducting affairs or understanding principles. At fifty, I understood the mandates of Heavens, and because of this, I bore no grudge against Heaven nor did I blame others. At sixty, I could judge a person’s honesty and character simply by hearing them speak. At seventy, I became able to speak and act spontaneously without ever making a mistake. 【子日：“吾十有五而志于学；三十而立；四十而不惑；五十而知天命；六十而耳顺；七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”】 True Understanding Zhong You, do you understand all that I’ve taught you? If you understand, say that you understand. If you don’t understand, say that you don’t understand. Only by speaking truthfully is it true understanding! 【子日：“由，诲女，知之乎？知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”】 Zai Yu and the Filthy Wall Once when Confucius’ disciple Zai Yu was sleeping in the middle of the day. You can’t carve rotten wood, and you can’t whitewash a filthy wall. But what’s the use admonishing a person like Zai Yu! I used to listen to what people said and then assume that they would do just what they said they would. But now after listening to someone, I wait and see if what they do is the same as what they said. Zai Yu helped change my thinking on this. 【宰予昼寝。子日“朽木不可雕也，粪土之墙，不可圬也。于予与和诛？”子日：“始吾于人也，听其言而信其行；今吾于人也，听其言而观其行。