欧洲文化10.doc

The Reformation Text A The European Reformation *区分: the European Reformation= Protestant Reformation Counter-Reformation= Catholic Reformation 1.What is the Reformation and when it happened? It was a 16th century religious movement as well as a socio-political movement. The aim of the Reformation movement oppose the absolute authority of the Roman Catholic Church Replace it with the absolute authority of the Bible The beginning of the movement. Martin Luther posted on the door of the castle church at the University of Wittenberg his 95 Theses(95条纲论），inviting to debating on matters of practice and doctrine in the Church in1517. what did the reformers demand? simplify ritual Abolish heavy taxes Abolish the indulgences(赎罪券） Martin Luther Who is he ? He is the German leader of the Protestant Reformation . *职业：priest ,vicar,professor of theology 作品：95 Theses * His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church. 理论: He quoted the Scripture in support of his belief that men are redeemed by faith and not by the purchase of indulgences. 人人都可以通过信仰得救而不是通过赎罪券得救. One of the doctrines of him was that the Bible was the supreme authority and man was only bound to the law of the word of God , not the word of the clergy. his translation of the New Testament and later the whole Bible into the vernacular 使得人人都可阅读圣经，the Catholic Church失去了控制人们思想的统治地位。 Reformation in England. John Wyclif 约翰.威克里夫 Henry VIII *The spit came when Henry VIII decided to ignore the authority of the Pope in his matrimonial affairs. British Parliament , in 1534, passed the Act of Supremacy which marked the formal break of the British with the papal authorities. The Parliament gave Henry an Act of Succession, recognizing the legality of the divorce and securing the Crown to Ann’s children. Revenues(收入）would be paid to the crown. The Church of England or Anglican Church The King was the head of Church. Church services’ changes The use of English instead of Latin in the