Rapid Price Communication and Coordination The Airline ：价格的快速沟通和协调航空公司.ppt

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2017-12-14 发布于江西
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Rapid Price Communication and Coordination The Airline ：价格的快速沟通和协调航空公司.ppt

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Rapid Price Communication and Coordination The Airline ：价格的快速沟通和协调航空公司

Rapid Price Communication and Coordination:The Airline Tariff Publishing Case Agenda Background Antitrust Issues Analysis Latest Development Background Basic Antitrust Issues: Is it price fixing? Firm A announces a price increase and shortly thereafter, its competitor Firm B also announces its own increase to the same level. NO! Background How about? What if the announcements are made and changed rapidly? What if each firm makes many announcements before they settle down at identical prices? What if the prices being announced are take effect at some future date so that no sales actually taken place at these prices while the announcements are made? Background The main issue of this case is, with the help of IT, it is easy to make rapid announcements and responses. This has blurred the meaning of “agreement” and has made it difficult to distinguish public announcements from conversations amongst competitors! Background Airline Tariff Publishing Company (ATPCO) Owners: 18 major airlines and Federal Express Customers: Data Providers (Airlines) and Data Subscribers (Computer Reservation Systems) Function: Act as Central Cleaning House for distribution of fare change information which prices are updated daily. Background ATPCO (Cont’d) Information transmitted: Fare Basis Code Origin and Destination Airports Price First and Last Ticket Dates First and Last Travel Dates Other Restrictions Background Airline Industry in early 90s HHI: From 854 (1985) to 1074 (1990) Two important Developments: Hub-and-spoke networks Northwest: Detroit and Los Angeles American: Chicago Continental: Denver United: Denver or Chicago Delta: Salt Lake City Background Pricing Marketing: Frequent Flyer Programs for Travellers Travel Agent Commission Override Programs (TACOs) – “Frequent Booker” Programs for travel agents 1st Gulf War Over Investment ? Some entered Cap 11 Bankruptcy Proceedings. Antitrust Issues – DoJ’s Case DOJ’s Antitrust Charge (1992-12-21): Defendants: ATPCO and 8 major airl