Sterilization, Disinfection and Antibacterial Agents：消毒，消毒和抗菌剂.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Tetracyclins Reversibly bind 30S ribosomal subunit Blocks attachment of tRNA to ribosome Effective against certain Gram + and Gram – Can cause discoloration of teeth if taken as young child Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Macrolids Reversibly binds to 50S ribosome Prevents continuation of protein synthesis Effective against variety of Gram + organisms and those responsible for atypical pneumonia Often drug of choice for patients allergic to penicillin Macrolids include Erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis Chloramphenicol Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit Prevents peptide bonds from forming and blocking proteins synthesis Effective against a wide variety of organisms Generally used as drug of last resort for life-threatening infections Rare but lethal side effect is aplastic anemia Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Fluoroquinolones Inhibit action of topoisomerase DNA gyrase Examples include Ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin Urinary tract infections Rifamycins Block prokaryotic RNA polymerase Primarily used to treat tuberculosis and preventing meningitis after exposure to N. meningitidis Antibacterial Antibiotics Inhibitors of Metabolic Pathway Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) Inhibit folic acid synthesis Structurally similar to para-aminobenzoic acid Substrate in folic acid pathway Through competitive inhibition of enzyme that aids in production of folic acid Inhibit growth of Gram + and Gram - organisms Antibacterial Antibiotics Disruption of Plasma Membrane Polymyxin B Binds membrane of Gram - cells Alters permeability Leads to leakage of cell and cell death Also bind eukaryotic cells but to lesser extent Limits use to topical application Common ingredient in first-aid skin ointments Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance Enzy