什麽是流变(Rheology)牛顿流体.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * III. 影 響 流 變 行 為 的 主 要 因 素 時間－溫度疊合原理 分子量及其分佈的效應 高分子結構的影響 溶劑品質及其效應 Master curves for the viscosity and first normal Stress coefficient as functions of shear rate for a low-density polyethylene melt 時間－溫度 疊合原理 (Time-Temperature Superposition) Non-Newtonian viscosity of a low-density polyethylene melt at several different temperatures. According to the Reptation Theory: Newtonian Power law Zero-shear viscosity, ?0 Time-temperature superposition holds for many polymer melts and solutions, as long as there are no phase transitions or other temperature-dependent structural changes in the liquid. Time-temperature shifting is extremely useful in practical applications, allowing one to make prediction of time-dependent material response. WLF 溫度重整因子: J. D. Ferry, Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd ed., Wiley: New York (1980). WLF temperature shift parameters II. 分子量的效應 (Molecular Weight Dependences) Molecular weight, Mw Zero-shear viscosity, ?0 Relaxation time, ? Diffusivity, DG Mc ~ Mw ~ Mw2 ~ 1/Mw Mc ~ Mw3.4 ~ Mw3 ~ 1/Mw2 For linear polymer melts Mc (=2Me): critical molecular weight Me: entangled molecular weight Plot of constant + log ?0 vs. constant + log M for nine different polymers. The two constants are different for each of the polymers, and the one appearing in the abscissa is proportional to concentration, which is constant for a given undiluted polymer. For each polymer the slopes of the left and right straight line regions are 1.0 and 3.4, respectively. [G. C. Berry and T. G. Fox, Adv. Polym. Sci. 5, 261-357 (1968).] A “Time-Temperature-Molecular Weight-Concentration” Superposition: A master curve of polystyrene-n-butyl benzene solutions. Molecular weights varied from 1.6x105 to 2.4x106 g/mol, concentration from 0.255 to 0.55 g/cm3, and temperature from 303 to 333 K. III. 分子量分佈的影響 H. Munstedt, J. Rheol. 24, 847-867 (1980) Linear Polymer