论语用推理的逻辑属性-PolyUIRA.PDFVIP

2002 年第3 期 外 国 语 总第139 期 No.3, May 2002 Journal of Foreign Languages General Serial No.139 文章编号：1004-5139 （2002 ）03-0018-12 中图分类号：H030 文献标识码：A 论语用推理的逻辑属性 形式语用学初探 蒋 严 （香港理工大学中文及双语学系，香港） 摘 要：本文探讨语用推理的逻辑实质，在介绍了溯因推理的基本特点及其在逻辑和计算科学上的一些 制约原则之后，我们将溯因法与语用推理特别是Grice 理论和关联理论的语用原则相对照，认为语用推理 就是溯因推理在言语交际中的具体应用，而语用原则就是具体的溯因制约原则。语用推理并不那么独特， 也不需要建立独立的“自然语言运用的逻辑”。最后，我们探讨了溯因推理与概率的关系，期望建立以概 率论为基础的形式化的溯因语用学理论。 关键词：溯因推理；语用推理；Grice 语用学；关联理论 On the Logical Nature of Pragmatic Inference ——Towards a Formal Theory of Pragmatics JIANG Yan （Department of Chinese Bilingual Studies, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China ） Abstract: This paper explores the logical nature of pragmatic reasoning. After introducing the basic features of abductive inference and its constraining principles in logic and computing science, we contrast abduction with pragmatic inference, with special reference to the pragmatic principles in Gricean theory and relevance theory. The conclusions are that pragmatic reasoning is no more than abductive inference as applied to verbal communication and that pragmatic principles are just special forms of abductive principles. Pragmatic reasoning is not that independent, nor is it necessary to establish “the logic of language use”. Finally, we explore the relationship between abduction and probability with the hope of establishing a probability-based formal theory of abductive pragmatics. Key words: abductive inference; pragmatic reasoning; Gricean pragmatics; relevance theory 理论语用学（Sperber Wilson 1995 ）的术语 一、语用学与逻辑