实用艺术工艺流程英语unitA.pptVIP

Unit 7 Text A Baroque and Gothic Architectures Warm-up exercise Read the following questions first, which will help you understand the following passage better, and then answer the questions after reading it carefully. 1. What characterizes Baroque architecture? 2. Which buildings belong to typical Gothic architecture? 3. What is the difference between Baroque architecture and Gothic architecture? 1 Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical, theatrical, sculptural fashion, expressing the triumph of absolutist church and state. New architectural concerns for color, light and shade, sculptural values and intensity characterize the Baroque. But whereas the Renaissance drew on the wealth and power of the Italian courts, and was a blend of secular and religious forces, the Baroque was, initially at least, directly linked to the Counter-Reformation, a movement within the Catholic Church to reform itself in response to the Protestant Reformation. The Council of Trent (1545–1563) is usually given as the beginning of the Counter-Reformation. 2 The Baroque played into the demand for an architecture that was on the one hand more accessible to the emotions and, on the other hand, a visible statement of the wealth and power of the Church. The new style manifested itself in particular in the context of new religious orders, like the Theatines and the Jesuits, which aimed to improve popular piety. By the middle of the 17th century, the Baroque style had found its secular expression in the form of grand palaces, first in France and then throughout Europe. Among Roman buildings, particularly St. Peter’s Basilica, may be considered precursors of Baroque architecture, In the 17th century, the Baroque style spread through Europe and Latin America, where it was particularly promoted by the Jesuits. 3 Gothic architecture is a s