刘润清版新编语言学教程1-3章复习.docxVIP

1.1.1 填空判断：①linguistics can be defined as the scientific or systematic study of language. It is a science studies the rules systems and principles of language. 3 cannons(标准):exhaustiveness全面性consistency一致性economy.②linguistics study the origin, growth, organization. Nature and development of language and discovers the general rules and principles governing language. 2 purposes: study the nature, establish a theory and describe language by that theory; examines all language and seeks understanding ways to fulfill the needs human need.1.1.2 填空判断选择：Linguistics differ from traditional grammar:①linguistics describes languages and does not lay down rules of correctness. ②linguists regard spoken as primary not written. Speech came earlier than writing system. ③traditional grammar based on Latin while linguistics describes each language on its own merits.1.1.4 名词解释Microlinguistics: Phonetics(语音学), phonology(语音学), morphology(形态学),syntax(句法学), semantics(语义学),pragmatics(语用学).Macrolinguistics: sociolinguistics(社会语言学),psycholinguistics(心理语言学),stylistics(文体学),discourse analysis(话语分析), computational linguistics(计算语言学),cognitive linguistics(认知语言学)1.2.1 全especially判断Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.Language is a system, arbitrary, vocal. Language is used for human communication.1.2.3Arbitrariness(任意性): refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with.Duality(二元性):organization of language into two levels - a level of sounds which combine into a second level of larger units is called duality. language works on two levels: 1 have no meaning but combine to form unites at another level have meaning.Productivity(创造性): linguistic ability enables to produce and understand sentences.Interchageability(可交换性):man can both produce and receive messages easily.Displacement(移位性):enable people to talk a thing in other space and time.Specialization:man does not have a total