第2章+纳米生物技术前沿-2.ppt

第2章 纳米生物技术前沿-2 2010-04-01 2.2.3 纳米通道技术（Nanopore） 纳米通道技术是一种直接解读核酸分子编码信息的新方法，它通过将单链核酸上的核苷酸序列直接转化为电信号，能以每秒超过1000个碱基的速度对其进行超快速序列分析。 简便、快速和廉价 还在病原体基因诊断、单核苷酸多态性和样品多成分的快速检测等多个领域有重要用途 纳米通道是指由七聚体的?-溶血素（ ?- hemolysine, ?- HL）在双层脂膜上形成的直径约115~216 nm的跨膜通道。它能允许通过离子、水和其他的低分子质量物质，从本质上说是一种离子通道。 Researchers use nanopore channels to precisely detect DNA Researchers at Purdues Birck Nanotechnology Center have shown how nanopore channels can be used to rapidly and precisely detect specific sequences of DNA as a potential tool for genomic applications in medicine, environmental monitoring and homeland security. Solid-state nanopore channels with DNA selectivity Samir M. Iqbal, Demir Akin Rashid Bashir Solid-state nanopores have emerged as possible candidates for next-generation DNA sequencing devices. In such a device, the DNA sequence would be determined by measuring how the forces on the DNA molecules, and also the ion currents through the nanopore, change as the molecules pass through the nanopore. Unlike their biological counterparts, solid-state nanopores have the advantage that they can withstand a wide range of analyte solutions and environments. Here we report solid-state nanopore channels that are selective towards single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Nanopores functionalized with a probe of hair-pin loop DNA can, under an applied electrical field, selectively transport short lengths of target ssDNA that are complementary to the probe. Even a single base mismatch between the probe and the target results in longer translocation pulses and a significantly reduced number of translocation events. Our single-molecule measurements allow us to measure separately the molecular flux and the pulse duration, providing a tool to gain fundamental insight into the channel–molecule interactions. The results can be explained in the conceptual framework of diffusive molecular transport with particle–channel interactions. 3. 纳米通道技术的应用前景 核酸分子超高速测序 单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）检测 单核苷酸多态性是