晋国论文：春秋晋国知氏研究.docVIP

晋国论文：春秋晋国知氏研究 【中文摘要】春秋时期社会政治格局变迁的总趋势是公室政权由盛而衰,而私室由于自身实力的提高则逐渐秉持列国国政。从某种意义上而言,春秋卿族的盛衰已成为周代宗法封建政治体制变迁的历史缩影。其中,晋国知氏卿族的兴亡即为三百余年春秋社会政治变迁的典型个案。晋国自曲沃代翼始,经多次翦灭公族,终使非公室贵族成为晋国政治舞台的主角。随着君权的衰落,非公室卿族势力终成权势赫然的强卿巨室,最后出现了三家分晋,致使晋国灭亡。知氏作为非公室卿族在此历史进程中异军突起,在春秋中晚期晋国卿族政治中从小到大、由弱而强,到知瑶之时已权倾晋国,俨然为一诸侯。然而由于种种机缘,在知氏势力发展至巅峰之时,却遭致灭族亡家之命运。由此可见,知氏卿族的兴衰这一个案实蕴含着极为丰富的社会政治寓意,在战国以降史鉴意识勃兴的背景下,历代史家及史著甚至将其作为上古与中古政治体制转型及历史进程的重要标识。如先秦典籍《左传》、《国语·晋语》皆以知氏灭亡作为相关撰述的结篇,秦汉以降如《资治通鉴》等文献亦多以其作为开篇,以作后人鉴戒。由此可见,对相关问题的探讨显具重要的学术价值。本文正是基于以上视角,对知氏兴衰及其体现的相应历史时期的社会政治意涵进行论述。全文除了引言和结语外,共分为四章。第一章,主要通过对知氏起源及世系问题的探讨,试图 【英文摘要】It’s a general trend that social-political pattern in Spring and Autumn Period was the vicissitudes of office regime from rise to fall, while the power of some ministers gradually became upliftment because of its own reinforcement strengthen and took the helm of the states. In some sense, the ups and downs of the minister-family in Spring and Autumn has become the vicissitudes of political system changes in feudal patriarchal Zhou dynasty history as a miniature.In some sense, the ups and downs of the minister-family in Spring and Autumn has become the vicissitudes of political system changes in feudal patriarchal Zhou dynasty history as a miniature. Among them, the Zhi-family of Jin was known as the typical case in the 300 years of social and political change in Spring and Autumn period.Since the beginning of QuWo-generation in Jin, office regime was annihilated many times, and finally non-GongZu noble became the protagonist on the political stage in Jin.With the decadence of the regality, non-GongZu noble had finally came into majorclient , ultimately appeared the social phenomenon that Jin was divided among Han-Zhao-Wei, led to the destruction of Jin. In this historical process, as non-GongZu noble, the Zhi-family of Jin suddenly became a new-rising force, expanded from a small to a large force among the nobles in the middle-and late Spring and Autumn period, by the period of Yao has controlled the whole re