[医学保健]泌尿生殖系统发生.pptVIP

泌尿生殖系统发生 （Dvelopment of the urogenital system） The ureteric bud differentiation输尿管芽的分化 Differentiation of metanephric blastema生后肾原基的分化集合小管末端T形分支，诱导临近生后肾组织形成肾单位。 （二）膀胱和尿道的发生第4-7周 常见畸形： （2）cetopic kidney异位肾：肾未达正常位置，多位盆腔（3） horseshoe kidney马蹄肾：两肾下端融合，上移受阻。 子宫与阴道形成 （三）外生殖器的发生： （四）常见畸形： (4)睾丸先天性 发育不全 染色体：47XXY, 睾丸小,无精子,表现为男性, 称 Klinefelter综合征. (5)卵巢先天性 发育不全 染色体：44+ X0卵巢小，无生殖细胞，性不成熟，外阴幼女型，蹼颈，身材短，胸宽，乳头远：特纳氏综合征 （Turner’s syndrome）. The testes and ovaries both descend under the control of a gubernaculum（引带） During embryonic and fetal life, the testes and the ovaries both descend from their original position at the 10th thoracic level, although the testes ultimately descend much farther. In both sexes, the descent of the gonad depend on a ligamentous cord called the gubernaculum. The gubernaculum condenses during the seventh week within the subserous fascia of a longitudinal peritoneal fold on either side of the vertebral column. The superior end of this cord attaches to the gonad, and its expanded inferior end attaches to the fascia between the developing external and internal oblique muscles in the region of the labioscrotal swellings. At the same time, a slight evagination of the peritoneum, called the processus vaginalis or vaginal process,develops just adjacent to the inferior root of the gubernaculum.(fig 10-19) （二）生殖管道（Genital ducts）的发生 1、未分化期 两套（1）中肾管wolffian duct、中肾小管： （2）中肾旁管：Müller管（体腔上皮内陷而成）。 中肾旁管 中肾管 退化的中肾小管 中肾 卵巢的皮质索 睾丸网 白膜 睾丸索 退化的髓索 The mesonephric ducts and mesonephric tubules require testosterone for their development. in the absence of testosterone andAMH, the mesonephric ducts degenerate and the paramesonephric ducts give rise to the fallopian tubes, uterus, and superior vagina 2、性分化期 机理：受睾丸产生的抗中肾旁管激素和雄激素影响。 　　　　 男 女 中肾小管：附睾输出小管 　 退　化 中 肾 管：附睾管、输精管　　退　化 　　　　　　射精管等 中肾旁管：　退　化　　　　输卵管、子宫 　　 阴道板 尿生殖窦 处女膜 阴道 子宫颈 穹隆 中肾旁 管末端 输卵管 子宫腔 子宫 隔 1、未分化期 　　　　　　　 男