【仪表工程】IFR OPERATIONS IN THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM.pdfVIP

Today’s National Airspace System (NAS) consists of a • Approximately 13,000 instrument flight proce- complex collection of facilities, systems, equipment, dures as of September 2005, including 1,159 procedures, and airports operated by thousands of peo- instrument landing system (ILS), 121 ILS ple to provide a safe and efficient flying environment. Category (CAT) II, 87 ILS CAT III, 7 ILS with The NAS includes: precision runway monitoring (PRM), 3 microwave landing system (MLS), 1,261 nondirectional bea- • More than 690 air traffic control (ATC) facilities con (NDB), 2,638 VHF omnidirectional range with associated systems and equipment to provide (VOR), and 3,530 area navigation (RNAV), 30 radar and communication service. localizer type directional aid (LDA), 1,337 local- • Volumes of procedural and safety information nec- izer (LOC), 17 simplified directional facility essary for users to operate in the system and for (SDF), 607 standard instrument departure (SID), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) employees and 356 standard terminal arrival (STAR). to effectively provide essential services. • Approximately 48,200,000 instrument operations • More than 19,800 airports capable of accommo- logged by FAA towers annually, of which 30 per- dating an array of aircraft operations, many of