大学英语专业欧洲文化复习资料一.doc

1．希腊罗马Homer?Iliad?Odyssey?Author?of?epicsSappho?Lyric?poet 三大悲剧家：Aeschylus?Prometheus?bound?Persians?Agamemnon?Tragic?dramatistSophocles?Oedipus?the?King?Electra?Antigone?Tragic?dramatistEuripides?Medea?Trojan?Women?Andromache?Tragic?dramatist 喜剧家：Aristophanes?FrogsCloudsWaspsBirds??Comedy?writer 历史学家：Herodotus??wrote?about?wars?between?Greeks?and?Persians??Father?of?historyThucydides?wrote?about?wars?between?Athens?and?Sparta?and?Athens?and?Syracusethe?greatest?historian?that?have?ever?lived 哲学和科学：Pythagoras?All?things?were?numbers?founder?of?scientific?mathematicsHeracleitue?Fire?is?the?primary?elementDemocritus?Materialist,?one?of?the?earliest?exponents?of?the?atomic?theorySocrates?Dissect?of?oneself,?virtue?was?high?worth?of?life,?dialectical?methodPlato?Man?have?knowledge?because?of?the?existence?of?certain?general?ideas?DialoguesAristotle?Direct?observation,?theory?follow?fact,?idea?and?matter?together?made?concrete?individual?realities?EthicsPolitics?Poetics?and?RhetoricEuclid?Elements?a?textbook?of?geometryArchimedes?when?a?body?is?immersed?in?water?its?loss?of?weight?is?equal?to?the?weight?of?the?water?displaced?“Give?me?a?place?to?stand?and?I’ll?move?the?World”Others?Diogenes?(the?Cynics)?Pyrrhon(the?Sceptics)?Epicurus?(the?Epicureans)?Zeno?(the?Stoics)4th?century?B.C.后半叶希腊在Alexander,?king?of?Macedon的领导下，5th?century?B.C.达到顶峰，146?B.C.被罗马攻克 2.基督教和圣经Jews—以前叫Hebrews，3800B.C.穿过中东沙漠，1300B.C.Moses带领Hebrews离开埃及，开始他们的Exodus，他在Sinai山定了ten?commandments?in?the?name?of?God，40年后Hebrews定居Pelestine,?known?as?Canaan，Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the?old?Testament,?6th?century?B.C.,他们在Babylon形成synagogue（忧太集会）来发扬他们的教义。Jesus?Christ生活在第一个罗马帝国Augustus,?Emperor?Constantine?1于313年宣布基督教合法，Emperor?Theodosius于392年宣布基督教为国教。Hebrew人的历史口头传送记入the?old?Testament，旧约包含39本书，写了从1000B.C.---100A.D.的事情，最重要的前五本是Pentateuch，旧约主要由Hebrew写成，the?New?Testment主要是Greek的形式，包含14本书，最古老的Latin?Bible叫Vulgate,在1382年被John?Wycliff翻译成了英语，Greek?Bible叫Septuagint 3.中世纪开始于476年西罗马帝国的衰败5-11世纪a?period?in?wh