damage ruin hurt injure区别.docx

Damage means to cause physical harm to a thing or to a part of your body : Fires can damage crops and animals. | He damaged a knee ligament playing rugby. You do not usually talk about damaging a person. Use hurt , injure , or wound instead : He was hurt in a climbing accident (NOT He was damaged in a climbing accident). However, you can talk about damaging an unborn child : German measles in pregnancy can damage your baby. Use hurt or injure to talk about people suffering physical harm as a result of an accident, earthquake, hurricane etc : No one was hurt in the car crash. | We hoped he wasnt seriously injured. !! Do not say injure someones health. Say damage someones health . Use wound to talk about someone being hurt by a weapon such as a gun or a knife : He shot dead three people and wounded several others. | a wounded soldierdestroy, ruin, spoil Destroy means to damage something so badly that it no longer exists or people can no longer use it : The earthquake destroyed even the tallest buildings. | The rainforests are being destroyed at a frightening rate. If you ruin or spoil something, it still exists, but it has lost all its good qualities or features. Ruin is stronger than spoil : The rain ruined my hair. | I dont want to spoil your day.1. damage, destroy, ruin damage, destroy 和 ruin 这三个单词均表示破坏、损坏的意思,但各自的含义和用法不同。 ①damage指部分损坏、损害、破坏或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词,也可以用作名词,用作名词时常与to something 连用。例如: Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm. 暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。 The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。 ②destroy 只能用作动词,指彻底破坏,以致不可能修复,常作破坏、毁灭解,也可以指希望、计划等打破。例如: The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. 地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。 His hope of being a writer was destroyed. 他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。 ③ruin则表示破坏严重,以致不能修复,但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物,而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时,它作使毁灭、使崩溃、弄糟解;用作名词时,它表示毁灭、瓦解、废墟等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。例如: The fire ruined the castle. 那场大火使城堡夷为废墟。 The house has fallen into ruin. 房子倒塌了。 The company is facing ruin. 这家公司面临破产。2.hurt, injure, harm,