公共经济学术语(作业).docx

公共经济学专业术语Professional Terms in Public Economics第一章绪论Chapter 1 Introduction纯公共部门与准公共部门Pure Public sector/ quasi-public sector第三部门The Third Sector非盈利组织与非政府组织NPO/NGO规范分析与实证分析Normative and Positive Analysis成本收益法Cost-benefit Analysis博弈论Game Theory Analysis 归纳与演义法Induction and Deduction边际报酬递减规律law of diminishing marginal returns合作博弈（cooperative game）非合作博弈（non-cooperative game）智猪博弈（Pigs Payoffs/Pigs Game/Boxed Pigs)猎鹿博弈 (Stag Hunt Game)投票博弈 (Voting Game)第二章资源配置与政府职能Chapter 2 Resources Allocation and Government Function2.1 资源配置2.1 Resources Allocation 混合经济Mixed Economic Model 资源最优配置Optimal Resources Allocation公平与效率Equity and Efficiency 卡尔多－希克斯定理Karldor-Hicks Principle 帕累托最优Pareto Optimal ?帕累托无效 Pareto Invalid?帕累托改进Pareto Improvement ?效用可能性曲线The Utility Possibilities Curve边际社会成本与边际社会收益（MSR/MSC Marginal Social Cost/Marginal Social Cost)洛伦茨曲线Lorentz Curve基尼系数Gini Coefficient漏桶原理The Metaphor of a Leaky Bucket2.2 市场失灵与政府职能2.2 Market Failure and Government Function市场失灵Market Failure 不完全竞争Imperfect Competition国家垄断与寡头垄断State Monopoly Oligopoly囚徒困境Prisoners Dilemma 搭便车Free-ride信息不对称理论Asymmetric Information逆向选择Adverse selection 优值品与劣值品Merit goods and demerit goods马太效应Matthew effect第三章公共产品与外部性Chapter 3 Public Goods and Externalities纯公共产品与准公共产品Pure Public Goods /Quasi-public Goods非排他性与非竞争性Non-excludability/ Non-rivalrousness Consumption 正外部性与负外部性Positive externality /negative externality外部性内在化Internalization of Externalities公地悲剧Tragedy of the Commons科斯定理The Coase Theorem第四章公共选择Chapter 4 Public Choices一致投票规则Unanimity Voting Rule 多数投票规则 Majority Voting Rule 投票悖论Voting Paradox 单峰偏好与多峰偏好Single and Multiple peaked preference;阿罗不可能定理Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem 否决投票规则 Veto Vote Rule 中位选民定理The Median Voter Theorem用脚投票Voting by Foot寻租rent-seeking/profit-seeking第五章公共支出Chapter 5 Public Expenditure消耗性支出（购买性支出）Exhaustive Expenditures 转移性支付Transfer Expenditures政府采购Government Procurement社会保障支出Social Security Expenditures财政补贴支出Fiscal Subsidy Expenditures公共支出预算Public Expenditure BudgetPP