抗生素在计划生育手的术中的应用2012-11.ppt

抗生素在计划生育手术中的应用;做事要 “通天理、 近人情、 达国法”;通天理---合理选用诊断及治疗方法;国法---三个层次 国家法律法规---反商业贿赂（长效机制） 国家政策---医疗改革、医院质量管理、医院等级评审、卫生部相关文件 专业指南---抗菌药物临床应用指导原则、妇产科感染学组诊疗指南以及参考国内外专业技术学会制订的指南如美国CDC等发布的指南（可自搜索引擎中输入MMWR中查找） ;合理应用抗生素的必要性;合理应用抗生素的概念;病原体尚未明确时选药不当 ;我国医疗机构抗菌药物使用强度;我国医疗机构抗菌药物使用率;抗菌药物不合理使用引发的危害;大肠埃希菌耐药趋势;铜绿假单胞菌耐药趋势;碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药性逐年增加;常用抗菌药物的临床疗效逐年降低;湖北2002年统计显示：3349例药品不良反应中，近六成为抗菌药物所引起。 中国三分之一的残疾人属于听力残疾，而60％到80％的后天致聋原因与使用抗菌药物有关。;抗生素失效的直接后果是抗感染治疗失败 患者病死率升高 社会经济负担增加 人类再度面临感染性疾病的威胁;合理抗生素选择思维要点;抗生素临床应用具体方案制定应考虑的问题;抗生素临床应用具体方案制定应考虑的问题;抗菌药物的联合应用指征;A Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown an increased risk of fetal abnormalities.BAnimal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. or Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus. CAnimal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. or No animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.DStudies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, the benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk.XStudies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. The use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. ;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Prof