研究生文献检索与利用教学PPT.pptVIP

End 1.7 政府出版物 government document 是各国政府部门及其所属机构颁布和出版的文件资料， 如法令、统计资料、年鉴等 对了解一个国家的科技和经济政策及其演变情况有一定的参考价值。 1.8 网络原创文献 博客 微博 维基百科（是否可以作为论文参考文献的来源？） 论文在线发表 开放存取网站等等 2、文献的分类 按加工深度分 按出版方式分 按载体形态分 按文献载体形态分类：1 印刷型（print form） 也称为纸介型（paper-based）。 传统的文献形式 缺点：存贮密度低，体积庞大，加上纸张的化学、物理特性，难于收藏保存。 按文献载体形态分类：2 缩微型（micro form） 以感光材料为载体的文献记录形式,有缩微胶片,缩微平片等. 优点：体积小、存贮密度高，便于传递、保存可节省书库面积达90％以上。 缺点：不能直接阅读，必须借助阅读机 按文献载体形态分类：3 声象型（audio-visual form） 通过特定设备，将信息表现为声音、图像、影视及动画(sound,image,video animation) 等形式。 优点：直观、形象 按文献载体形态分类：4 电子型（electronic form） 通过计算机对电子信息进行存取处理。 电子信息存于磁盘、磁带或光盘等媒体中电子出版物，如电子图书期刊，各种联机信息库，光盘数据库，电子邮件等 * The vision for this next broadcast medium necessarily contrasts itself with traditional broadcasts. It’s not that interesting to just re-feed a radio or television broadcast, although there may be high value in doing so if you live in a hilly and poor radio broadcast area such as the Seattle metropolitan basin. In many circumstances you can receive a dramatically cleaner signal by listening to KING FM through the Internet than through through a radio. Audio and video are interesting in themselves, but the wonders of digital media is that they can be combined with the powers that we assume from the Internet itself to provide wholly new and more fulfilling experiences. It could be song lyrics, biographical information, live interviews. It could e-commerce, tying together the world of instant gratification – I like that song, I just bought that song. It could be whole new levels of advertising that is tied into specific psycho-demographics. It could be entirely new virtual worlds that will give our future historians their next holographic paragraph after the day in which we live. RealSystem supports all media. While we believe that RealAudio 8 is the world’s best audio, we’ve obviously made enormous investments in MP3 and just shipped support for streaming MP3 from RealSystem iQ. We believe RealVideo 8 by far and away delivers the best price perfo