IRUWB能量检测接收机中基于门限的TOA估计.doc

2012-07-13####IR##-U#W###B#能##量#检##测2接01收2机-0中7基-1于3门##限#的##T#O#2A#0估12计-07-13######## 张焕水* 姜向远 王 伟 王邢波 (山东大学控制科学与工程学院 济南 250061) 摘 要：为提高能量检测模式下脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)测距的精度和可行性，该文提出基于最优门限和次优门限的 两种到达时间(TOA)估计算法。最优门限算法以接收机信号统计特性与 UWB 小尺度衰减特性关系式为基础推导出 门限选择的闭合表达式，并在最小均方误差(MMSE)指标下求解 TOA 估计值；次优门限算法以最优门限分析为基 础，在虚警概率约束下使用牛顿迭代给出求解门限的递推算法。仿真表明，与同类算法相比，最优门限算法测距精 度有较大提升；次优门限算法易于实现，且性能无明显下降。 关键词：到达时间估计；门限；虚警概率；能量检测 中图分类号：TN92 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1146.2010.01187 文献标识码： A 文章编号：1009-5896(2011)06-1361-06 Threshold-based TOA Estimation in IR-UWB Energy Detection Receiver Jiang Xiang-yuan Zhang Huan-shui Wang Wei Wang Xing-bo (School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan 250061, China) Abstract: In order to design precise and feasible ranging method with Impulse Radio Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) signal during energy detection, two new Time Of Arrival (TOA) estimation algorithms based on optimal and suboptimal thresholds are respectively proposed. For optimal method, with the relationship between energy’s statistics in receiver and small-scale attenuation, a closed form of threshold is derived, and the TOA estimation is obtained under the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE). For suboptimal method based on optimal threshold analysis, a recursive form of threshold selection using Newton iteration is developed with false alarm probability constraint. Through simulations, compared with other similar algorithms, the optimal method enhances greatly the ranging accuracy, the suboptimal method is easier to implement while its performance reduces less. Key words: Time Of Arrival (TOA) estimation; Threshold; False alarm probability; Energy detection 1 引言 鉴于位置感知在无线传感器网络(WSN)中的重 要性，IEEE 802.15.4a 工作组提出了包含测距协议 的 UWB 物理层标准[1]。较传统的窄带无线信号， IR-UWB 信号具有较高的时间解析度和多径分辨 率，可用于精确测距。考虑到 IR-UWB 信号的特点 及传感器节点的设计要求，基于门限的 TOA 估计 算法是以 IR-UWB 为物理层技术的 WSN 测距的有 效手段，其不仅能充分发挥 IR-UWB 信号时间分辨 能力强的优势，也可以适应 WSN 低功耗的设计要 求，引起工业领域和学术界的普遍关注[1,2]。 近年来，