环境概论ThePesticideDilemma.pptVIP

APES: Notes 18 * Food scraps, sewage sludge, manure, yard wastes (organic materials) can be used to make compost/mulch APES: Notes 18 * APES: Notes 18 * Reduce—purchasing products that have less packaging and last longer or are repairable; decrease consumption Source reduction—an aspect of waste management in which products are designed and manufactured in ways that decrease the volume of solid waste and the amount of hazardous waste in the solid waste stream Done by substituting raw materials that introduce less waste during the manufacturing process and reusing and recycling wastes at plants where generated; also by making products to create less waste after used by consumers. Pollution Prevention Act—requires the EPA to develop source reduction models and requires manufacturing facilities to report to the EPA annually on their source reduction and recycling activities. First environmental law to focus on the reduced generation of pollutants at their point of origin rather than the reduction of pollutants or repair of damage. (Notice a relatively new law) Dematerialization—the progressive decrease in the size and wight of a product as a result of technological improvements; an example of source reduction only if new product is as durable as the one it replaced APES: Notes 18 * Bottle reuse was common, 11 states in US still currently use it. Must be thicker than current bottles; so transportation costs increase (problem due to centralization of bottling beverages; also cost to sterilize bottles. APES: Notes 18 * Cans, bottles, and newspapers on the left are what the average US household now recycles. Trash cans and bags are discarded. In early 2000s, US recycled about 30% of municipal solid waste, which is a higher percentage than any other highly developed country, but we also produce more municipal solid waste than any other country. APES: Notes 18 * Materials are reprocessed to new products of the same or different type. Saves natural resources, water,