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一战美国高中历史
Chapter 13
The Great War
1914-1918
Section 1
The Stage is Set for War
I.) An Uneasy Peace Grips Europe
-forces that caused WWI:
a.) nationalism
b.) imperialism
c.) militarism
d.) alliance system
A.) The Steady Rise of Nationalism
-deep devotion to ones nation
-rivalry among European nations (competition and territorial disputes)
B.) Imperialism
-compete for colonies in Africa and Asia
-sense of rivalry and mistrust grew
C.) The Growth of Militarism
-1890s arms race in Europe
-need to have a powerful military
-large standing armies
a.) militarism
-a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war
II.) Tangled Alliances
-alliance system was designed to keep peace
A.) Bismarck Forges Early Pacts
-Otto von Bismarck=chancellor of Germany
-first goal was to isolate France
-1879=Dual Alliance--Germany and Austria-Hungary
a.) Triple Alliance
-1882
-Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
-1887=Germany became allies with Russia
-very unstable alliances
B.) Shifting Alliances Threaten Peace
a.) Kaiser Wilhelm II
-ruler of Germany
-forced Bismarck to resign
-1890--Russia no longer a German ally
-1892--Russia and France form an alliance
-1904--Britain alliances with France
a.) Triple Entente
-1907
-Britain, France, and Russia
-Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) vs. Triple Entente (Britain, France, and Russia)
III.) Crisis in the Balkans
A.) Europes Powder Keg
-Balkans=powder keg
-new nations formed out of Ottoman Empire
-nationalism was powerful
-1908---Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina
-1914--Serbia gained some territory
-Austria-Hungary was afraid Serbia and the Slavic people would get too powerful
B.) A Shot Rings Throughout Europe
-June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo, Bosnia
-Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Sophie of Austria-Hungary were assassinated
-Gavrilo Princip--19 years old/Black Hand/Serbian
-Austria wanted to punish Serbia
-Germany gav
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