专业知识【阅读】.docx

艺术类背景知识艺术家种类PainterSculptor 雕塑家Architect 建筑师 /’arki……/MusicianComposer 作曲家Photographer Choreographer 编舞家ARTRenaissance 文艺复兴14-17 century Italy FlorenceClassicism/classicalism 古典主义Eg：蒙娜丽莎特点：anatomy解剖perspective透视代表人物；leonardo da Vanci 达芬奇,Rafael拉斐尔,Michelangelo 米开朗基罗Romanticism 浪漫主义Realism 现实主义特点：photo-like用途：肖像画portraitImpressionism 印象主义 France 19centuryEg: 梵高的画：向日葵星空特点：1.The use of vivid colors使用鲜亮的颜色 2.did not depict描述，描画 scenes as exactly as they look like 画得不像 3.the texture （材质）of the paint is rough粗糙画的材质很粗糙Expressionism 表现主义Abstract抽象的 art 抽象主义特点：1.twisted 扭曲Elongated and distorted figure 2.express emotions or the insight of the artistPicasso MatisseBiology总superSub order 次AnimalBotany植物学Paleontology古生物学Kingdom 界 animal kingdomPlant kingdomPhylum 门Class 纲Order目Family科Genus属Species种Kids prefer cheese over fried green spinach. Phylum门 protozoa原生动物 single cell/monoplast clam蛤 oyster牡蛎 snail蜗牛 cuttle乌贼 octopus章鱼Mollusk 软体动物 tentacle触手Vertebrate脊椎动物Invertebrate无脊椎动物Vertebrate fishAmphibian两栖动物Reptile爬行动物Bird navigation system航行系统nesting behavior 筑巢行为 mammal 哺乳动物dinosaur恐龙 crocodile 鳄鱼 alligator 短吻鳄 lizard 蜥蜴 turtle snakehatching孵化nestling未离巢的雏鸟fledgling刚会飞的鸟sibling兄弟姊妹新陈代谢metabolizemetabolismmetabolite恒温动物endothermHomoithermWarm blooded变温动物Poikilotherm冷血动物EctothermCold blooded animal寄生虫 parasiteEndoparasite 体内寄生虫Ectoparasite 体外寄生虫Parasitifer 宿主Symbiotic relationship 共生关系Commensalism 共栖关系Mutualism 共生关系Benefits both partners in the relationship.Parasitism 寄生关系Predator捕食者-prey捕食The parasite, derives its food at the expense of its symbiotic associate, the host.One partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected.Microbe细菌微生物Microorganism微生物Bacteria细菌Reproduction 繁殖 fission裂变无性生殖 1 cell split 2Conjugation有性生殖 2 separate bacteria