生物考试大纲及试卷组成.doc

生物考试大纲及试卷组成 I. CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (33-34%) Fundamentals of cellular biology, genetics and molecular biology are addressed. Major topics in cellular structure and function include metabolic pathways and their regulation, membrane dynamics and cell surfaces, organelles, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle. Major areas in genetics and molecular biology include chromatin and chromosomal structure, genomic organization and maintenance, and the regulation of gene expression. The cellular basis of immunity and the mechanisms of antigen-antibody interactions are included. Distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are considered where appropriate. Attention is also given to experimental methodology. Cellular Structure and Function (16-17%) Biological compounds Macromolecular structure and bonding Abiotic origin of biological molecules ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? Enzyme activity, receptor binding and regulation Major metabolic pathways and regulation Respiration, fermentation and photosynthesis Synthesis and degradation of macromolecules Hormonal control and intracellular messengers ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? Membrane dynamics and cell surfaces Transport, endocytosis and exocytosis Electrical potentials and transmitter substances Mechanisms of cell recognition, cell junctions and plasmodesmata Cell wall and extracellular matrix ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? Organelles: structure, function, synthesis and targeting Nucleus, mitochondria and plastids Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles Lysosomes, peroxisomes and vacuoles ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? Cytoskeleton, motility and shape Actin-based systems Microtubule-based systems Intermediate filaments Bacterial flagella and movement ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? Cell cycle, growth, division and regulation (including signal transduction) Methods Microscopy (e.g., electron, light, fluorescence) Separation (e.g., centrifugation, gel filtration, PAGE, Fluorescence act