专升本英语语法专项.doc

时态 时 态 一般 进行 完成 完成进行 过去 did, was/were was/were doing had done had been doing 现在 do/does, am/is/are am/is/are doing has/have done has/have been doing 将来 will do am/is/are going to do am/is/are to do am/is/are doing do/does will be doing will have done will have been doing 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing 1. 一般现在时表将来 时间、条件状语从句中，事情如果发生在未来，从句中一般用一般现在时表将来。 Call me as soon as he arrives. I’ll write to you when I get Beijing. 表示计划好的将来行动或一系列行动，特别是指旅途中的行动。旅行社人员常这样用： We leave London at 10∶00 next Tuesday and arrive in Paris at 13∶00． 2. 询问或引用书籍、通知或新近接到的信件的内容时，常将一般现在时与动词say连用： —What does that notice say？ —It says，‘No parking．’ 4. 进行时态主要只用于表示有意识的动作。因此某些动词通常不用进行时态而只有一种现在时态，即一般现在时。这些动词可以分类如下： A 表示感觉（不由自主的动作）的动词如feel，hear，see，smell；也包括notice和observe（=notic）以及当连词用的feel， B 表示感情和情绪的动词如admire（=respect），adore，appreciate（=value），care for（=like），desire，detest，dislike，fear， hate，like，loathe，love，mind（=care），respect，value，want，wish等。 C 表示精神活动的动词如agree，appreciate（=understand），as- sume，believe，expect（=think），feel（=think），feel sure／certain，forget，know，mean，perceive，realize，recall，recongnize，recollect，remember，see（=understand），see through someone D 表示拥有的动词如belong，owe，own，possess： F appear（=seem），concern，consist，contain，hold（=contain），keep（=continue），matter，seem，signify，sound（=seem／appear） 5. 常与完成时态连用的词：since, for, just, already, yet 6. 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：是否与现在时间发生联系 —I thought you were still on holiday．When did you get back？ —I came back last week． —Has your term started yet？ —Yes，it started on Monday． 7. 将来完成时 You’ll have been in Beijing next month. 语态 主动、被动 1. 使役动词 make/have/let后跟不定式省略to，而make/have为被动时则不能省略to, let虽然被动也用省略to的不定式，但它一般被allow代替。 My mother made me read these books. I was made to read these books. 2. 主动表被动的动词：wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, write, sell, sound, arise…. 3. 被动表主动的用法：be pleased, get married, be prepared, be occupied…. 非谓语 一、不定式 1. 不定式的现在式：????????????????????????to do 不定式的现在进行式：?????????????????to b