607换热器外文翻译.doc

Heat Exchangers N. P. Cheremisinoff, Heat Transfer Equipment. The McGraw-Hill Company, 2000 Classification of Heat Exchangers Heat exchangers are devices that provide the flow of thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperatures. Heat exchangers are used in a wide variety of applications. These include power production; process, chemical, and food industries; electronics; environmental engineering; waste heat recovery; manufacturing industry; and air-conditioning, refrigeration, and space applications. Heat exchangers may be classified according to the following main criteria: Recuperates and regenerators Transfer processes: direct contact and indirect contact Heat transfer mechanisms: single phase and two phase Flow arrangements: parallel, counter, and cross flows The preceding four main criteria are illustrated in Figure 1. Recuperation and Regeneration The conventional heat exchangers shown diagrammatically in Figure la with heat transfer between two fluids is called a recuperate, because the hot stream A recovers (recuperates) some of the heat from stream B. The heat transfer is through a separating wall or through the interface between the streams as in the case of direct contact type of heat exchangers (Figure lc). In regenerators or in storage-type heat exchangers, the same flow passage (matrix) is alternately occupied by one of the two fluids. The hot fluid stores the thermal energy in the matrix; during the cold-fluid flow through the same passage later, energy stored will be extracted from the matrix. Therefore, thermal energy is not transferred through the wall as in a direct transfer type of heat exchanger. This cyclic principle is illustrated in Figure lb. While the solid is in the cold stream A it loses heat; while it is in the hot stream B it gains heat (i. e., it is regenerated). Some examples of storage-type heat exchangers are rotary regenerator for preheating the air in a large coal-fired steam power plant, gas turbine rotary reg