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Lecture One How to Write the Introductory and Concluding Paragraphs? 1. NEW Changes to IELTS Writing Rubrics from January 2006 From January 2006 there are a number of changes to the IELTS Writing rubrics. These changes are to be introduced in order to further clarify what candidates are expected to write. The changes are outlined below. IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 “Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information below.” is to be replaced with: “Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.” IELTS Academic Writing Task 2 “Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.” is to be replaced with: “Write about the following topic: Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. It is important to note that in the Academic Writing module candidates are expected to write in a style appropriate to an academic context. The writing should therefore be formal.” IELTS General Training Writing Task 1 “You do NOT need to write your own address.” is to be replaced with: “You do NOT need to write any addresses.” IELTS General Training Writing Task 2 “Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your experience.” is to be replaced with: “Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.” 2. Introduction to IELTS Writing 2.1 How to deal with the two tasks? 假设我们把写作目标定在6分，不同语言基础的学员应该准备不同的应对策略。一般说来，英语语法知识较好，思维反映能力较快的同学应努力争取把Task 2写到6分的标准。反之，就向Task 1的7分冲击。 2.2 Easy or difficult? (compared to Band 4/6 for non-English majors and Band 4/8 for English majors) 首先，不可否认，IELTS考试是目前国内外各种英语测试中公信度较高、科学性和客观性较强的一种，能够较客观地考察出一个人的实际英语能力。然而我们也看到写作(口语部分也是如此)是IELTS考试中主观性较大的部分，存在主观给分的因素。其实我们每年的高考作文阅卷也常出现两位阅卷老师评分迥异的情形。虽