TFT-LCD 基本驅動原理简介.ppt

LCD 基本驅動原理 課程大綱 ? 顯示的基本原理 1. 偏光片的使用 2. Rubbing的定向 3. 液晶的定向 4. 加入電場後的液晶 5. 液晶與偏光片的效應組合 ? LCD基本驅動原理 1. 液晶與外加電場的關係 2. STN的基本驅動 （a）CSTN的機構 （b）STN的簡易等效電路 （c）STN的波形驅動 3. TFT的基本驅動 （a）TFT的機構 （b）TFT的簡易等效電路 （c）面板的各種極性與Common的不同驅動 （d）Cst on Common Cst on Gate LCD的顯示原理 基本上，LCD是藉由電場加於液晶，改變其雙折射現像，並配合偏光片來決定光的路徑。以顯示出對比，並利用color filter來呈現出色彩。 STN的基本驅動 TFT基本驅動 面板的各種極性變化方式： Dot Inversion Gate Inversion Data Inversion Common Inversion Common電極的驅動方式 Common電壓固定不變的驅動方式 Common電壓不停變動的驅動方式 面板極性變化與Common電極驅動方式的選用 面板極性變化與Common電極驅動方式的選用 在面板設計上Cst有兩种擺放位置 1. Cst on Common 2. Cst on Gate tF = 16.7ms tg (gate on time) G0 G1 G2 G3 + – –V1 +V2 –V3 off off off on on on off off off off off off Cst Scanning at-a-line - Vgh is applied to a gate line - All TFTs on a gate line are turned on - Current flows from data line to pixel and pixels on the gate line are charged up to data voltage - Vgl is applied to a gate line - All TFTs on a gate line are turned off and pixels on the gate line holds the charged voltage TFT driving principle Display Format Resolution VGA SVGA XGA SXGA UXGA QXGA Gate-on-time 480x640xRGB 600x800xRGB 768x1024xRGB 1024x1280xRGB 1200x1600xRGB 1536x2048xRGB 34?s 27?s 21.7?s 16?s 13?s 10?s Pixel Size (in 15.1”) 480?m X 160?m 384?m X 128?m 300?m X 100?m 234?m X 78?m 192?m X 64?m 150?m X 50?m Refreshing time tF ( Frame time ) ( dominated by the Pixel design – tg ) Refreshing rate = 1/ tF Gate switching time tg ( Gate-on time ) tg ( Gate-on time ) = tF ( Frame time ) / total Gate line ( dominated by product resolution) For example: tg ( Gate-on time ) = 16.7 ms / 768 ( for 14.1” XGA ) = 21.7?s TFT resolution R/G/B: 若各以6 bits訊號控制,則可各得 26=64 scales 1 dot: R/G/B 所組成所以螢幕上一個點由6X3=18 bits所控制 故每個點顏色階數可有218=256K scales Full color (True color) scale: 24 bits= 17M scales 1M=1024K, 1K=1024bits Color scale Depends on The charging capability T-V (Tran