AI人工智慧导论课程纲要.ppt

AI: 人工智慧簡介 人工智慧(Artificial intelligent, AI) 簡介 問題與求解 知識表示方法 推理機制與專家系統 類神經網路 模糊控制 基因演算法 智慧型代理人 人工智慧 以電腦或機電整合裝置協助或代替人類解決日常生活或專業領域所面臨的問題。 其探索領域包括邏輯、機率和連續數學、感知、推理、學習和行動 通常以智慧型代理人來實現人工智慧之理念，可從環境中接收感知資訊，在以擬人化解決問題之眼算法來執行對應行動。 Intelligent machines, or what machines can do Philosophers have been trying for over 2000 years to understand and resolve two Big Questions of the Universe: How does a human mind work, and Can non-humans have minds? These questions are still unanswered. Intelligence is their ability to understand and learn things. Intelligent machines, or what machines can do Intelligence is the ability to think and understand instead of doing things by instinct or automatically. (Essential English Dictionary, Collins, London, 1990) In order to think, someone or something has to have a brain, or an organ that enables someone or something to learn and understand things, to solve problems and to make decisions. So we can define intelligence as the ability to learn and understand, to solve problems and to make decisions. The goal of artificial intelligence (AI) as a science is to make machines do things that would require intelligence if done by humans. Therefore, the answer to the question Can Machines Think? was vitally important to the discipline. The answer is not a simple “Yes” or “No”. Defining and Representing the Problem State space: The combination of the initial state and the set of operators make up the state space of the problem. Initiate state: The original state of the problem. Operators: used to modify the current state, thereby creating a new state. Path: The sequence of states produced by the valid application of operators from an old state to a new state is called the path. Goal state: A state fit to the searching objective is called the goal state. Common Problem Solving Methods 線性規劃法 (Linear Programming: LP) 整數規劃法 (Integer Programming) 分支界限法 (Branch and Bound Method) 啟發式解法：MST, RMST, SA Kruskal, 1956; Prim, 1959; Dijkstra, 1959; Sollin, 1965; Y