汽轮机凝汽器更换螺纹管.docVIP

前言： Preface： 汽轮机是火电厂的重要设备，通过汽轮机，蒸汽的热能转化为机械能，为发电机发电提供动力。凝汽器是汽轮机的附属设备，在凝汽器里汽轮机排汽转化为凝结水，体积缩小，压力降低，汽轮机进出蒸汽焓差增大，做功能力提高。凝汽器也为系统水汽循环提供了必要条件。凝汽器工作性能的好坏直接影响到系统的热经济性。衡量凝汽器工作性能的指标主要有端差和真空。 Turbine is an important equipment of thermal power plant. Through turbine，thermal energy of steam transforms into mechanical energy， to provide power for generator. Condenser is an accessory of turbine. Inside a condenser, exhaust steam of turbine transforms into condensed water, which reduces its volume and pressure. Then enthalpy difference between turbine inlet and outlet is increased, and working capacity is improved. Condenser also provides necessary condition for water steam circulation of system. Working performance of condenser directly affects the heat economical efficiency of the system. Main indexes to measure working performance of condenser are terminal temperature difference and vacuum. 凝汽器是一个表面式换热器，在壳程里流动的是汽轮机排汽和凝结水，管程里流动的是冷却水。冷却水吸收蒸汽热量后,蒸汽凝结成水，冷却水温度升高后排出凝汽器。表面式换热器存在换热管结垢的问题，凝汽器也不例外。凝汽器铜管内壁结垢会严重影响换热效果，大大降低系统的热经济性。凝汽器结垢影响主要体现在端差升高和真空降低。在系统来说主要是发电汽耗增加，煤耗增加，经济效益下降。 Condenser is a surface type heat exchanger. What flows inside shell pass is exhaust steam and condensed water of turbine, while cooling water flows inside tube pass. After the heat is absorbed by cooling water, steam is condensed into water. Cooling water is discharged out of condenser after its temperature rise. Surface type heat exchanger has the problem of scaling on heat exchanging tube, so does condenser. Scaling on inner wall of condenser copper tube may seriously influence heat exchanging effect, and largely reduce heat economical efficiency of the system. The effect of scaling in condenser is mainly reflected by increase of terminal temperature difference and decrease of vacuum. To the system, major effect is increase of steam rate and coal consumption, and drop of economical efficiency. 水垢的形成： Formation of scale: 汽轮机组运行时必须有大量的冷却水通过凝汽器来冷却汽轮机排汽，循环冷却水的水温在15℃—35℃之间，适宜藻类和微生物繁殖。循环使用中，大量的水分被蒸发，而补充水中又含有杂质和盐类化合物，冷却水的盐